2020
DOI: 10.1590/1980-85852503880006004
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Caravanas migrantes: de respuestas institucionales diferenciadas a la reorientación de la política migratoria

Abstract: Resumen En 2018 y 2019 tuvieron lugar las caravanas migrantes con el fin de llegar a los Estados Unidos, estrategia migratoria adoptada por personas provenientes principalmente de Centroamérica, caracterizadas por una mayor visibilidad, un menor costo y organizadas mediante redes sociales. Se identifican tres oleadas de caravanas a las que se les respondió con medidas institucionales y categorías burocrático-administrativas distintas. Con ello el artículo exhibe los retos de la gobernanza de los flujos mixtos … Show more

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Cited by 15 publications
(11 citation statements)
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References 8 publications
(8 reference statements)
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“…In contrast, Mexican Migration and Refugee law guarantee access to educational and emergency health services to all migrants regardless of their status but limit economic and social inclusion to those with regular status, and allow family reunification only for refugees. In the cases of Colombia, Peru and Mexico, contingent circumstances such as the great inflows from, respectively, Venezuela in 2016 and the 2018 Central American Caravans, led to the creation of instruments to regularise (temporarily in some cases) immigrant populations in order to facilitate access to health, education and labour programmes (Gandini et al, 2019 , 2020a ).…”
Section: Normative Context: Migrants’ Social and Economic Rights Before Covid-19mentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…In contrast, Mexican Migration and Refugee law guarantee access to educational and emergency health services to all migrants regardless of their status but limit economic and social inclusion to those with regular status, and allow family reunification only for refugees. In the cases of Colombia, Peru and Mexico, contingent circumstances such as the great inflows from, respectively, Venezuela in 2016 and the 2018 Central American Caravans, led to the creation of instruments to regularise (temporarily in some cases) immigrant populations in order to facilitate access to health, education and labour programmes (Gandini et al, 2019 , 2020a ).…”
Section: Normative Context: Migrants’ Social and Economic Rights Before Covid-19mentioning
confidence: 99%
“… 11 With the arrival of the migrant caravans—between late 2018 and early 2019, US President Donald Trump threatened Mexico with trade tariffs unless the Mexican government stopped the flow of Central Americans on route to the United States. Mexico responded by enacting three key migration policy changes: (1) the intensification of the Migrant Protection Protocols; (2) the militarisation of migration control, with the creation of the National Guard and; (3) an institutional reorganisation of migration governance that passed over the responsibility of migration controls from the Ministry of the Interior to the Ministry of Foreign Relations (Gandini 2020 ). …”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Un momento crucial en la consolidación de las estrategias de externalización de las políticas migratorias se da en el contexto de las llamadas "caravanas migrantes". En 2018 y 2019, grupos numerosos de migrantes centroamericanos intentaban llegar a los Estados Unidos por vía terrestre, basados en una estrategia migratoria grupal 3 organizada en redes sociales, la cual fue adoptada para tener mayor visibilidad y seguridad, así como para reducir los costos del viaje (Gandini, 2020). Como respuesta, en octubre de 2018, Enrique Peña Nieto implementó el plan "Estás en tu casa", que ofreció trabajo mediante el Programa de Empleo Temporal (PET) a quienes aceptaran permanecer en Chiapas y Oaxaca, además de la obtención de la Clave Única de Registro de Población (CURP) Temporal para Extranjeros, lo cual dotó a los migrantes de una prueba de identidad legal (Secretaría de Gobernación [Segob], 2018).…”
Section: Issn Online 2007-9621unclassified
“…De esta manera, la política migratoria en el sur del país dio un giro muy importante. Gandini (2020) considera que a partir de las caravanas de migrantes la política migratoria en México dio un viraje en tres sentidos: (1) se intensificaron los Protocolos de Protección a Migrantes, (2) aumentó la militarización del control migratorio y (3) la responsabilidad de gestionar la migración en la frontera sur pasó de ser un asunto interno dependiente de la Secretaría de Gobernación a uno internacional dependiente de la Secretaría de…”
Section: Issn Online 2007-9621unclassified
“…Mexico and Central American countries have long experienced an impressive flow of migrants, but the last decade seems to mark a shift in migratory trajectories and motivations ( United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees UNHCR, 2019 ). Furthermore, the new phenomenon of large caravans – where mixed groups of migrants and refugees (including entire families), often several thousand strong, travel together as a collective – has increasingly captured the attention of global media and expanded international awareness of the crisis of instability in the region ( Gandini, 2020 ; Marchand, 2021 ).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%