Discriminative validity of an abbreviated Semantic Verbal Fluency Test

Herrera-García, José David; Rego-García, I.; Guillen-Martínez, Virginia; Carrasco-García, María; Valderrama-Martín, Carmen; Vílchez-Carrillo, Rosa; López-Alcalde, Samuel; Carnero-Pardo, C.

doi:10.1590/1980-57642018dn13-020009

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Moreover, the mean cluster size evaluation allowed them to differentiate MCI from controls. Our results regarding the switching component contrast with those of previous studies, 2 , 5 , 35 since we found an indication of a significant difference that was ruled out after a post-hoc analysis.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Importantly, the total number of words is a good indicator of cognitive impairment, as both MCI and AD differed from controls. Also, Herrera-García 35 and Troyer et al 5 showed the advantage of clustering and switching analysis for the differential diagnosis of cognitively impaired individuals. Wajman et al 2 found no differences in the average number of words produced in SF for MCI, AD, Lewy body dementia, and the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Herrera-García et al 35 reported that the assessment of words generated in the first 30 seconds of SF for animals might be enough to diagnose subjective cognitive impairment. Their findings show that individuals with subjective cognitive impairment might present an increased number of switches and smaller cluster sizes for the animal category.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Verbal fluency in Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment in individuals with low educational level and its relationship with reading and writing habits

Tessaro

Hermes-Pereira

Schilling

et al. 2020

Dement. neuropsychol.

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ABSTRACT. Verbal fluency (VF) has contributed to building cognitive maps as well as differentiating healthy populations from those with dementia. Objectives: To compare the performance of healthy controls and patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in two semantic VF tasks (animals/clothes) and a phonemic VF task (letter P). Also, to analyze the relationship between the frequency of reading and writing habits (FRWH) and VF in individuals with low educational level. Methods: Sixty-seven older adults aged 60-80 years and with 2-8 years of schooling were divided into three groups: controls (n=25), older adults with MCI (n=24), and older adults with AD (n=18). We analyzed the type, mean size, and number of clusters, switches, intersections, and returns. A post-hoc single-factor ANOVA analysis was conducted to verify differences between groups. Results: Total words in the phonemic VF and the animal category discriminated the three groups. Regarding the animal category, AD patients performed worse than controls in the total number of words, taxonomic clusters, returns, and number of words remembered. We found a moderate correlation between FRWH and total number of words in the phonemic fluency. Conclusions: Semantic (animate) and phonemic (total words) VF differentiated controls and clinical groups from each other - the phonemic component was more related to FRWH than the semantic one. The phonemic VF seems to be more related to cognitive reserve. VF tasks, considering total words and cluster analyses, are a valuable tool to test healthy and cognitively impaired older adults who have a low educational level.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Verbal fluency in Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment in individuals with low educational level and its relationship with reading and writing habits

Tessaro

Hermes-Pereira

Schilling

et al. 2020

Dement. neuropsychol.

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“…All participants were assessed under routine clinical conditions and underwent a formal neuropsychological evaluation that included: orientation (temporal, spatial, and personal), attention (direct and inverse digits, Trail Making Test [TMT]‐A 29 ), memory (learning, free recall, and Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease (CERAD) word list recognition 30 ), language (abbreviated Boston test, 31 semantic verbal fluency 32 and order comprehension), motor praxis (movement imitation on the Evaluation of Upper Limb Apraxia scale 33 ), and executive (abbreviated The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale similarities, Eurotest coin calculation, 34 semantic VF, and TMT‐B 29 ), and visuospatial functions (CERAD copy and drawing 30 ); as well as a functional evaluation (Barthel 35 and Lawton‐Brody 36 scales). A blood sample was drawn from each participant for a complete blood count, general biochemistry, thyroid function, B 12 vitamin levels, and luetic serology.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The cognitive performance in the Phototest is predictor of biological markers of Alzheimer's disease

Carrera-Muñoz

Barrios‐López

Muñoz‐Martínez

et al. 2022

Int J Geriat Psychiatry

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Background: The abnormal cerebrospinal fluid levels of biomarkers, such as β-amyloid and phosphorylated tau (pTau), support the biological diagnosis of Alzheimer Disease (AD) independently of its clinical stage. However, this invasive exam cannot be extensively applied and requires previous sound clinical screen that can be based on brief, well validated cognitive tests, such as the Phototest. Objective: To evaluate the association of partial (naming [NA], total recall [TR], free recall [FR], and verbal fluency) and total scores of the Phototest with the biological diagnosis of AD and the potential use of this test as a screening tool in the clinical work up.Design: Retrospective study of Individuals attending a Memory Clinic who were applied the Phototest and classified, according to cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers (β-amyloid1-42 and pTau), in the biological AD continuum stage (ContAD) as "no AD" (A-), "AD changes" (A+T-) or "AD" (A+T+). Multivariate analyses were conducted with one fixed factor, ContAD, and partial and total Phototest scores. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) was calculated to estimate the capacity of Phototest scores to predict amyloidosis (A+) and AD. Results:The study included 170 individuals (92 A-, 23 A+T-and 55 A+T+). FR (7.9, 0.01 [F,p]) and TR (8.1, 0.001) scores were associated with ContAD and had a moderate ability (AUC 0.71-0.74) to detect the presence of "A+" or "AD".Conclusions: Partial memory scores of Phototest are associated with ContAD. They predict acceptably the presence of abnormal levels of β-amyloid and AD signature in CSF and can be useful to support further biological diagnostic tests.

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“…The cognitive status of participants was evaluated by determining the Global Deterioration Scale (GDS) score [17], based on a combination of clinical history, caregiver interview (when available), and the results of cognitive tests, especially but not solely the Phototest [18,19], Mini-Cog [20], and Semantic Verbal Fluency test [21], validated in our setting for CI detection. CI was clinically defined by a GDS score ≥ 3.…”

Section: Design Participants and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Don’t know” sign: description and evaluation of its diagnostic accuracy for cognitive impairment

et al. 2021

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Objectives Patients in neurology clinics are sometimes not aware of the reason for the consultation, and we have called this circumstance the "Don't know" sign (DKS). Our objective was to define this new sign and its modalities and to evaluate its prevalence and its diagnostic accuracy for cognitive impairment (CI) in comparison to other observation-based signs. Design, setting, and participants: A cross-sectional prospective study included all new outpatients evaluated by the authors at neurology consultation. Measurements We recorded observation-based signs. The Global Deterioration Scale (GDS) was used to assess the cognitive status of patients, based on clinical history, caregiver interview, and cognitive test results. We analyzed the prevalence and the diagnostic accuracy for CI of DKS, "head turning sign," "attending with," verbal repetition, and combinations, calculating sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV). Results We enrolled 673 consecutive patients (62% female) with a mean ± SD age of 59.3 ± 20.2 years. DKS was positive in 94 patients (14%) and was strongly associated with GDS score. DKS had a Se of 0.41, Sp of 0.98, PPV of 0.89, and NPV of 0.79 for CI diagnosis. The presence of at least two positive observation signs yielded a Se of 0.50, Sp of 0.97, PPV of 0.86, and NPV of 0.81. Conclusions DKS is frequently observed in neurology outpatients. It has low sensitivity but high specificity and PPV for CI diagnosis. It does not require additional consultation time, and its use can be recommended in combination with other observation-based signs.

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Discriminative validity of an abbreviated Semantic Verbal Fluency Test

Cited by 10 publications

References 25 publications

Verbal fluency in Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment in individuals with low educational level and its relationship with reading and writing habits

Verbal fluency in Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment in individuals with low educational level and its relationship with reading and writing habits

The cognitive performance in the Phototest is predictor of biological markers of Alzheimer's disease

“Don’t know” sign: description and evaluation of its diagnostic accuracy for cognitive impairment

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