Physical exercise, IGF-1 and cognition A systematic review of experimental studies in the elderly

Stein, Angélica Miki; Silva, Thays Martins Vital; Coelho, Flávia Gomes de Melo; Arantes, Franciel José; Costa, José Luiz Riani; Teodoro, Elizabeth Fátima; Santos-Galduróz, Ruth Ferreira

doi:10.1590/1980-57642018dn12-020003

Cited by 50 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…On the one hand, IGF-1 is linked to beneficial processes (e.g., stimulating synaptogenesis and contributing to neuronal cell survival), but on the other hand, IGF-1 is also associated with detrimental processes (e.g., generation of reactive oxygen species and inhibition of autophagy) [319]. There is currently insufficient evidence to draw firm conclusions regarding the relationship between physical exercise, modulation of IGF-1, structural and functional brain changes, and cognitive functions [333]. Hence, further studies are urgently needed to gain deeper insights into the relationship between exercise-induced modulation of IGF-1 release, functional and structural brain changes, and cognitive performance [332,333].…”

Section: Igf-1mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is currently insufficient evidence to draw firm conclusions regarding the relationship between physical exercise, modulation of IGF-1, structural and functional brain changes, and cognitive functions [333]. Hence, further studies are urgently needed to gain deeper insights into the relationship between exercise-induced modulation of IGF-1 release, functional and structural brain changes, and cognitive performance [332,333].…”

Section: Igf-1mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functional and/or structural brain changes in response to resistance exercises and resistance training lead to cognitive improvements – a systematic review

Herold

Törpel

Schega

et al. 2019

Eur Rev Aging Phys Act

173

128

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Background: During the aging process, physical capabilities (e.g., muscular strength) and cognitive functions (e.g., memory) gradually decrease. Regarding cognitive functions, substantial functional (e.g., compensatory brain activity) and structural changes (e.g., shrinking of the hippocampus) in the brain cause this decline. Notably, growing evidence points towards a relationship between cognition and measures of muscular strength and muscle mass. Based on this emerging evidence, resistance exercises and/or resistance training, which contributes to the preservation and augmentation of muscular strength and muscle mass, may trigger beneficial neurobiological processes and could be crucial for healthy aging that includes preservation of the brain and cognition. Compared with the multitude of studies that have investigated the influence of endurance exercises and/or endurance training on cognitive performance and brain structure, considerably less work has focused on the effects of resistance exercises and/or resistance training. While the available evidence regarding resistance exercise-induced changes in cognitive functions is pooled, the underlying neurobiological processes, such as functional and structural brain changes, have yet to be summarized. Hence, the purpose of this systematic review is to provide an overview of resistance exercise-induced functional and/or structural brain changes that are related to cognitive functions. Methods and results: A systematic literature search was conducted by two independent researchers across six electronic databases; 5957 records were returned, of which 18 were considered relevant and were analyzed. Short conclusion: Based on our analyses, resistance exercises and resistance training evoked substantial functional brain changes, especially in the frontal lobe, which were accompanied by improvements in executive functions. Furthermore, resistance training led to lower white matter atrophy and smaller white matter lesion volumes. However, based on the relatively small number of studies available, the findings should be interpreted cautiously. Hence, future studies are required to investigate the underlying neurobiological mechanisms and to verify whether the positive findings can be confirmed and transferred to other needy cohorts, such as older adults with dementia, sarcopenia and/or dynapenia.

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Section: Igf-1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Igf-1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional and/or structural brain changes in response to resistance exercises and resistance training lead to cognitive improvements – a systematic review

Herold

Törpel

Schega

et al. 2019

Eur Rev Aging Phys Act

173

128

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is one of the best-characterized growth factors, and it has been shown to modulate muscle size and play a critical role in regulating muscle function. IGF-1 is thought to mediate many of the beneficial outcomes of physical activity [ 1 , 2 ]. In a study analyzing healthy young subjects, circulating IGF-1 levels were negatively associated with body fat, body mass index (BMI), and total cholesterol and positively associated with aerobic fitness and muscular endurance parameters (VO 2 peak, sit-ups, push-ups, and repetitive squats) [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of IGF-1-Mediated Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy and Atrophy

Yoshida

Delafontaine

2020

Cells

254

142

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Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a key growth factor that regulates both anabolic and catabolic pathways in skeletal muscle. IGF-1 increases skeletal muscle protein synthesis via PI3K/Akt/mTOR and PI3K/Akt/GSK3β pathways. PI3K/Akt can also inhibit FoxOs and suppress transcription of E3 ubiquitin ligases that regulate ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS)-mediated protein degradation. Autophagy is likely inhibited by IGF-1 via mTOR and FoxO signaling, although the contribution of autophagy regulation in IGF-1-mediated inhibition of skeletal muscle atrophy remains to be determined. Evidence has suggested that IGF-1/Akt can inhibit muscle atrophy-inducing cytokine and myostatin signaling via inhibition of the NF-κΒ and Smad pathways, respectively. Several miRNAs have been found to regulate IGF-1 signaling in skeletal muscle, and these miRs are likely regulated in different pathological conditions and contribute to the development of muscle atrophy. IGF-1 also potentiates skeletal muscle regeneration via activation of skeletal muscle stem (satellite) cells, which may contribute to muscle hypertrophy and/or inhibit atrophy. Importantly, IGF-1 levels and IGF-1R downstream signaling are suppressed in many chronic disease conditions and likely result in muscle atrophy via the combined effects of altered protein synthesis, UPS activity, autophagy, and muscle regeneration.

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“…More generally, IGF-1 has been hypothesized to play a mechanistic role linking peripheral impairments in metabolic function to CNS metabolic perturbations [273,274]. IGF-1 has also been associated with neurocognition, [275] is responsive to exercise training, [276] and has been suggested to mediate the beneficial effects of exercise on brain outcomes [251].…”

Section: Neurotrophins / Growth Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathways of Prevention: A Scoping Review of Dietary and Exercise Interventions for Neurocognition

Smith

2019

BPL

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Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) represent an increasingly urgent public health concern, with an increasing number of baby boomers now at risk. Due to a lack of efficacious therapies among symptomatic older adults, an increasing emphasis has been placed on preventive measures that can curb or even prevent ADRD development among middle-aged adults. Lifestyle modification using aerobic exercise and dietary modification represents one of the primary treatment modalities used to mitigate ADRD risk, with an increasing number of trials demonstrating that exercise and dietary change, individually and together, improve neurocognitive performance among middle-aged and older adults. Despite several optimistic findings, examination of treatment changes across lifestyle interventions reveals a variable pattern of improvements, with large individual differences across trials. The present review attempts to synthesize available literature linking lifestyle modification to neurocognitive changes, outline putative mechanisms of treatment improvement, and discuss discrepant trial findings. In addition, previous mechanistic assumptions linking lifestyle to neurocognition are discussed, with a focus on potential solutions to improve our understanding of individual neurocognitive differences in response to lifestyle modification. Specific recommendations include integration of contemporary causal inference approaches for analyzing parallel mechanistic pathways and treatment-exposure interactions. Methodological recommendations include trial multiphase optimization strategy (MOST) design approaches that leverage individual differences for improved treatment outcomes.

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Physical exercise, IGF-1 and cognition A systematic review of experimental studies in the elderly

Cited by 50 publications

References 51 publications

Functional and/or structural brain changes in response to resistance exercises and resistance training lead to cognitive improvements – a systematic review

Functional and/or structural brain changes in response to resistance exercises and resistance training lead to cognitive improvements – a systematic review

Mechanisms of IGF-1-Mediated Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy and Atrophy

Pathways of Prevention: A Scoping Review of Dietary and Exercise Interventions for Neurocognition

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