Cognitive, functional and physical activity impairment in elderly with Alzheimer's disease

Pedroso, Renata Valle; Corazza, Danilla Icassatti; Andreatto, Carla Andreza de Almeida; Silva, Thays Martins Vital da; Costa, José Luiz Riani; Santos-Galduróz, Ruth Ferreira

doi:10.1590/1980-57642018dn12-010004

Cited by 26 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…However, associations were found between changes in the FAB and both the number of steps in the mild AD group and cadence in the PrC group. These findings are in agreement with the data reported by Pedroso et al 44 and Melo et al, 45 respectively. At follow-up, a decline in GS was found, while EF remained stable.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Changes in executive function and gait in people with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease

Cezar

Ansai

Oliveira

et al. 2021

Dement. neuropsychol.

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ABSTRACT. Changes in executive function and motor aspects can compromise the prognosis of older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and favor the evolution to dementia. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in executive function and gait and to determine the association between changes in these variables. Methods: A 32-month longitudinal study was conducted with 40 volunteers: 19 with preserved cognition (PrC), 15 with MCI and 6 with Alzheimer disease (AD). Executive function and gait speed were assessed using the Frontal Assessment Battery, the Clock-Drawing test and the 10-meter walk test. For data analysis, the Pearson product-moment correlation, two-way repeated-measures ANOVA, and chi-square were conducted. Results: After 32 months, an improvement in the executive function was found in all groups (p=0.003). At baseline, gait speed was slower in individuals with MCI and AD compared to those with PrC (p=0.044), that was maintained after the follow-up (p=0.001). There was significant increase in number of steps in all groups (p=0.001). No significant association was found between changes in gait speed and executive function. Conclusions: It should be taken into account that gait deteriorates prior to executive function to plan interventions and health strategies for this population.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Changes in executive function and gait in people with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease

Cezar

Ansai

Oliveira

et al. 2021

Dement. neuropsychol.

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“…Previous studies also report a greater number of older women with MCI. 22,23 Moreover, the AD group had a lower calorie expenditure compared to the PC group, which is in line with data described by Pedroso et al, 24 who also found that older people with AD have low activity levels. Regarding the number of medications and diseases, higher numbers were found in individuals with cognitive impairment.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Outcomes and interventions in the elderly with and without cognitive impairment: a longitudinal study

Silva

Ansai

Cezar

et al. 2020

Dement. neuropsychol.

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ABSTRACT. Background: Clinical follow-up studies are necessary for a better understanding of the evolution of cognitive impairment as well as the development of better assessment and intervention tools. Objective: To investigate whether older people with preserved cognition (PC), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and mild Alzheimer's disease (AD) show differences in clinical outcomes and interventions after a 32-month period. Methods: One hundred twenty-four community-dwelling older people were included and classified in one of three groups (PC, MCI and mild AD). Information on clinical outcomes (deaths, new diagnoses, falls, need for assistance or changes in routine and hospitalizations) and interventions (increased use of medication, physiotherapeutic intervention, practice of physical exercise, etc.) in the 32-month period were collected by telephone or during a home visit on a single day. Results: Ninety-five participants (35 with PC, 33 with MCI and 27 with AD) were reevaluated after 32 months. The need for assistance/changes in routine was significantly higher in the AD group, especially with regard to basic activities of daily living. Unlike the other groups, the PC group did not show “other diagnoses” (urinary incontinence, prolapse, change in vision or autoimmune disease). No significant differences were found regarding other variables. Conclusions: Older people with and without cognitive impairment exhibited differences in some clinical outcomes after 32 months, such as need for assistance or changes in their routine and new diagnoses of specific diseases. Therefore, the multidimensionality of geriatric patients should be considered when planning assessments and interventions.

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“…Specifically, cholinergic afferents from the MS to hippocampus appear crucial in the regulation of spatial and mnemonic function ( Okada et al , 2015 ). A lowering in basal forebrain cholinergic ChAT-IR neurons would therefore contribute to an explanation of the behavioural age-dependent deficits in episodic-like memory previously observed in L1 ( Melis et al , 2015 ) and is at the same time reminiscent of the pathology and cognitive decline typically at play in Alzheimer’s disease ( Grothe et al , 2010 ; Pedroso et al , 2018 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Cholinergic and inflammatory phenotypes in transgenic tau mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease and frontotemporal lobar degeneration

Cranston

Wysocka

Steczkowska

et al. 2020

Brain Communications

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An early and sizeable loss of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons is a well-characterized feature associated with measurable deficits in spatial learning and cognitive impairment in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. In addition, pro-inflammatory glial cells such as astrocytes and microglia may play a key role in the neurodegenerative cascade of Alzheimer’s disease and tauopathies. We recently presented two mouse models: Line 1, expressing the truncated tau fragment identified as the core of the Alzheimer’s paired helical filament, and Line 66, expressing full-length human tau carrying a double mutation (P301S and G335D). Line 1 mice have a pathology that is akin to Alzheimer’s, whilst Line 66 resembles frontotemporal lobar degeneration. However, their cholinergic and inflammatory phenotypes remain elusive. We performed histological evaluation of choline acetyltransferase, acetylcholinesterase, p75 neurotrophin receptor, microglial ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 and astrocytic glial fibrillary acidic protein in the basal forebrain, hippocampus and cortex of these models. A significant lowering of choline acetyltransferase-positive neurons and p75-positive neurons in the basal forebrain of Line 1 at 3, 6 and 9 months was observed in two independent studies, alongside a significant decrease in acetylcholinesterase staining in the cortex and hippocampus. The reductions in choline acetyltransferase positivity varied between 30% and 50% at an age when Line 1 mice show spatial learning impairments. Furthermore, an increase in microglial ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 staining was observed in the basal forebrain, hippocampus and entorhinal cortex of Line 1 at 6 months. Line 66 mice displayed an intact cholinergic basal forebrain, and no difference in p75-positive neurons at 3 or 9 months. In addition, Line 66 exhibited significant microglial ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 increase in the basal forebrain and hippocampus, suggesting a prominent neuroinflammatory profile. Increased concentrations of microglial interleukin-1β and astrocytic complement 3 were also seen in the hippocampus of both Line 1 and Line 66. The cholinergic deficit in Line 1 mice confirms the Alzheimer’s disease-like phenotype in Line 1 mice, whilst Line 66 revealed no measurable change in total cholinergic expression, a phenotypic trait of frontotemporal lobar degeneration. These two transgenic lines are therefore suitable for discriminating mechanistic underpinnings between the Alzheimer’s and frontotemporal lobar degeneration-like phenotypes of these mice.

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Cognitive, functional and physical activity impairment in elderly with Alzheimer's disease

Cited by 26 publications

References 36 publications

Changes in executive function and gait in people with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease

Changes in executive function and gait in people with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease

Outcomes and interventions in the elderly with and without cognitive impairment: a longitudinal study

Cholinergic and inflammatory phenotypes in transgenic tau mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease and frontotemporal lobar degeneration

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