The Interdependence of Climate and Socioeconomic Vulnerability in the Abc Paulista Region

Valverde, María Cleofé

doi:10.1590/1809-4422asoc66r2v2032017

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…However, despite the particularities of air pollution sources and dynamics, few atmospheric studies were dedicated to the ABC region. Most of them focused on air pollution health impacts (e.g., Chiarelli et al, 2011;Negrete et al, 2010;Silva et al, 2017), on urban climate (Valverde, 2017;Valverde et al, 2020), and a few on ambient air pollution measurements (Saiki et al, 2007;Savóia et al, 2009;Caumo et al, 2017;Guimarães et al, 2019). This study contributes to the filling of this gap, describing the variability of air pollutant concentrations in the ABC region, accounting for its particularities on pollution sources and atmospheric conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air pollutants associated with surface meteorological conditions in São Paulo’s ABC region

Silva

Oliveira

Drumond

et al. 2021

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Ambient.

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Air pollution is one the main environmental problems in urban areas like the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo (MASP) in Brazil, where millions of inhabitants are exposed to pollution concentrations above the standards, with potential health impacts. Exposure is unequal throughout MASP, relying on the dynamics of local emission sources interplaying with weather and climate in a regional scale. The ABC region — ABC standing for Santo André, São Bernardo do Campo and São Caetano do Sul, the cities the area originally comprised of — is MASP’s largest industrial center, sitting in its southeast border, and encloses environmental protection areas. That leads to a unique emission profile that differ from the metropolis center. This study aims to characterize the variability of atmospheric pollutants in the ABC region in 2015, investigating possible sources and associations with surface meteorological conditions. Multivariate statistical analyses were applied to data from seven air quality monitoring stations and surface meteorological variables. Results show that São Bernardo do Campo stood out, with O3 concentrations 20% higher (43±19 µg.m-3) than the other sites, while São Caetano do Sul had the highest annual mean PM10 concentrations (39±19 µg.m-3), mostly related to vehicular emissions. Relative humidity was negatively correlated with primary pollutants, while temperature and radiation correlated with O3. Unusually high O3 concentrations were observed in January of 2015, concomitant with negative anomalies of precipitation and relative humidity, likely associated with the 2014/2015 summer drought event in Southeast Brazil. Overall, results show that local emission sources significantly impact air pollution loading and its diurnal variability, particularly in the case of primary pollutants. Climate modulates the seasonal concentration variability, and regional scale weather phenomena may impact air quality conditions. To reach concentration standards everywhere, policy makers must be aware of processes occurring in different spatial scales that determine air quality.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air pollutants associated with surface meteorological conditions in São Paulo’s ABC region

Silva

Oliveira

Drumond

et al. 2021

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Ambient.

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“…The outliers identified in the boxplot diagram in all cities occurred in 2010. That year, there was a high frequency of flooding and landslide events in the municipalities of ABC Paulista (Fernandes and Valverde, 2017;Valverde, 2017;Damasceno et al, 2021). The most significant outlier occurred in 2010 (Figure 3).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other studies have analyzed rainfall in the municipalities of ABC Paulista, considering longer time series (Fernandes and Valverde, 2017;Valverde, 2017;Valverde et al, 2018) and grouping data series from nearby rain gauges for analysis of trends and variabilities. Valverde et al (2018), analyzing two series of data from 1968-1998 to 1999-2014, identified an increase in rainfall in January in Diadema, São Caetano do Sul, São Bernardo do Campo, and Santo André, accompanied by a reduction of annual rainfall from one period to another.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several national and international studies focus on the problem of vulnerability in large metropolitan regions and their municipalities, such as the metropolitan regions of São Paulo (Nobre et al, 2011;Valverde, 2017;Marengo et al, 2020), Rio de Janeiro (Prosdocimi and Klima, 2020) and Campinas (Cavalcanti et al, 2017). Urban floods are one of the main climate-related disasters that cause numerous fatalities every year around the world, with high costs associated to its damages (Han and Sharif, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Climate projections of precipitation and temperature in cities from ABC Paulista, in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo—Brazil

Valverde

Calado

et al. 2023

Front. Clim.

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Cities are increasingly vulnerable to climate change's impacts and poorly adapted to extreme variability. This study aimed to evaluate climate projections of air temperature and precipitation in seven cities in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo that correspond to the Greater ABC Paulista. We used high-resolution models Eta-HADGEM2_ES (CMIP5), CNRM-CM6-1-HR (CMIP6), and the TerraClimate database to analyze future projections and the specific warming levels (SWLs), respectively. Model data were validated with observed data and bias was removed. A bias correction factor was generated and used in the climate projections for the different emission scenarios. The results show a consensus between the models and the SWLs (2 and 4°C) for the increase in maximum (Tmax) and minimum (Tmin) temperatures for all municipalities in ABC Paulista in different emission scenarios until the end of the 21st century. For the nearest future (2020–2040), the city of São Caetano do Sul (SCS) shows the highest positive annual anomalies of Tmax concerning the climatological period (1985–2015), for the scenario RCP4.5 (2.8°C) and the RCP8.5 (7.4°C), according to projections from the Eta-HADGEM2_ES, highlighting summer and autumn as the hottest. For precipitation, there was a consensus between the Eta-HADGEM2_ES and the CNRM-CM6-1-HR for a reduction in all scenarios and time-slices 2020–2040 and 2041–2070. The municipalities of Diadema (−78.4%) and SCS (−78%) showed the most significant reductions in December for the RCP8.5, and for SSP5-8.5, SCS shows −30.9% in December for the 2020–2040 time-slice. On the other hand, TerraClimate presents excess rain for Ribeirão Pires (+24.8%) and Santo André (+23.7%) in winter for SWL4°C. These results suggest that an increase in Tmax and Tmin, as projected, should influence the intensity of extreme heat events. Furthermore, a reduction in annual and seasonal rainfall does not mean a decrease in the region's extreme daily events that cause floods and landslides. However, it leaves an alert of water scarcity for the supply and demand of the population. ABC Paulista does not have adaptation plans to face extreme climate change. The results can contribute to the first phase of creating an adaptation plan, giving a first view of the climate threat that should intensify until the end of the twentieth century affecting the most vulnerable municipalities.

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“…Assim, o estado de vulnerabilidade ambiental de um território deveria ser melhor considerado nos processos de planejamento e gestão (Jordão e Moretto, 2015). Muitas dessas investigações têm utilizado a abordagem sistêmica para compreender as vulnerabilidades de diferentes sistemas a distintos riscos como, por exemplo, risco climático (Valverde, 2017); risco à erosão (Fushimi, 2013;Sokoloski et al, 2019) e risco à inundações (Prates e Amorim, 2017), etc.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Vulnerabilidade Ambiental do Município de Teixeira de Freitas-BA

Almeida

Silva

Neves

2020

Rev. Bras. Geog. Fis.

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As dimensões do conceito de Vulnerabilidade Ambiental são tipologias de informação cruciais para o planejamento da gestão de um dado território. Este trabalho tem como objetivo indicar o estado de Vulnerabilidade Ambiental do município de Teixeira de Freitas-BA. O processamento digital foi realizado nos softwares ArcGIS 10.7 e QGIS 2.18. Os sistemas coordenadas adotado foi o SIRGAS 2000 UTM 24S. As variáveis selecionadas, geradoras das cartas base foram: Geologia, Solos, Declividade e Uso e Ocupação do Solo, para as classes dessas variáveis estabeleceram-se valores que variaram de 1 (menor vulnerabilidade) a 5 (maior vulnerabilidade). O Mapa de Vulnerabilidade Ambiental foi produto da sobreposição das cartas base, resultando numa escada de vulnerabilidade dividida em cinco intervalos: muito baixa a muito alta vulnerabilidade. As classes geológicas e pedológicas presentes no Município apresentaram valores de baixa a média vulnerabilidade. Os fatores mais determinantes para os trechos de alta vulnerabilidade do mapa final foram as regiões de declividades elevadas e as formas mais agressivas de uso e ocupação do solo. Após a geração do mapa de vulnerabilidade final, foi realizado o refinamento e agrupamento de áreas isoladas com diferentes critérios. Recomenda-se para a elaboração de políticas públicas ao nível municipal a adoção do tratamento com agrupamento de áreas de até 200 pixels, o que corresponde a remoção de feições isoladas com extensão de até 3,13 ha, visto que nos demais tratamentos ocorre séria e progressiva diminuição das áreas de alta vulnerabilidade, prioritárias para os investimentos públicos. Environmental Vulnerability of the Municipality of Teixeira de Freitas-BA A B S T R A C TThe dimensions of the concept of Environmental Vulnerability are crucial information typologies for planning the management of a given territory. This paper aims to indicate the state of environmental vulnerability of the municipality of Teixeira de Freitas-BA. Digital processing was performed using ArcGIS 10.7 and QGIS 2.18 software. The coordinate systems adopted was the SIRGAS 2000 UTM 24S. The selected variables, which generated the base cards were: Geology, Soils, Declivity and Land Use and Occupation, for the classes of these variables values were set that ranged from 1 (lowest vulnerability) to 5 (highest vulnerability). The Environmental Vulnerability Map was the product of overlaying the base cards, resulting in a vulnerability ladder divided into five ranges: very low to very high vulnerability. The geological and pedological classes present in the municipality presented low to medium vulnerability values. The most determining factors for the high vulnerability stretches of the final map were the high slope regions and the most aggressive forms of land use and occupation. After the final vulnerability map was generated, refinement and grouping of isolated areas with different criteria was performed. It is recommended for the environmental planning at the municipal level the adoption of the treatment with grouping of areas of up to 200 pixels, which corresponds to the removal of isolated features with extension of up to 3.13 ha, since in the other treatments it occurs serious and progressive reduction of areas of high vulnerability, a priority for public investments.Keywords: Cartography, Geoprocessing, Environmental Planning.

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The Interdependence of Climate and Socioeconomic Vulnerability in the Abc Paulista Region

Cited by 10 publications

References 12 publications

Air pollutants associated with surface meteorological conditions in São Paulo’s ABC region

Air pollutants associated with surface meteorological conditions in São Paulo’s ABC region

Climate projections of precipitation and temperature in cities from ABC Paulista, in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo—Brazil

Vulnerabilidade Ambiental do Município de Teixeira de Freitas-BA

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