Effect of enzymatic complex in the diet of pirarucu, Arapaima gigas juveniles

Abstract

The pirarucu, Arapaima gigas is a native, carnivorous fish species from the Amazon basin. As carnivorous fish have low amylase activity, exogenous enzymes can improve the digestibility of carbohydrates in aquaculture feeds. We evaluated the digestibility of increasing levels of an enzymatic complex in diets of pirarucu juveniles (65.2 ± 0.4 g). The experimental design was randomized with four treatments [diets containing 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1 g kg-1 on-top inclusion of an enzyme complex (Allzyme® SSF®, USA), and a control, with three replications at a density of 5 fish per unit, and a 30-day duration. We quantified apparent digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, and crude energy through nutrient and chromium oxide content in diets and feces. Enzymatic activity, hepatic glycogen and total protein were determined in liver and anterior intestine samples. The diet with 1 g kg-1 of enzyme-complex resulted in an increase in apparent digestibility of crude protein, gross energy, and dry matter, hepatic glycogen, total proteins in liver and in intestine, showing the efficiency of the enzyme complex in pirarucu feeding. A higher accumulation of dry matter, crude energy, and ethereal extract in the carcass indicated weight increase in the fish treated with enzymatic complex. A decrease in the endogenous enzymatic activity (protease, lipase and amylase) suggested an improved efficacy of the digestive process. Our results indicate that the inclusion of 1 g kg-1 enzyme complex in the diet of juvenile pirarucu can be recommended to achieve greater digestibility of nutrients and improvement in productive performance.