Etnobotânica de plantas medicinais em comunidades ribeirinhas do Município de Manacapuru, Amazonas, Brasil

Abstract

A utilização de plantas medicinais é uma prática comum entre as populações humanas. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo efetuar levantamento etnobotânico sobre o conhecimento e uso das plantas medicinais em quatro comunidades ribeirinhas do Município de Manacapuru. Foram coletadas informações de 164 moradores locais, selecionados aleatoriamente, por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, observações participantes e visitas guiadas. Os problemas de saúde citados foram classificados de acordo com a Classificação Estatística Internacional de Doenças e Problemas Relacionados à Saúde (CID-10) e índices de concordância foram utilizados para identificar os principais usos de cada espécie. Identificaram-se 171 plantas medicinais, pertencentes a 65 famílias. Lamiaceae (14 espécies), Asteraceae (9 espécies), Fabaceae e Euphorbiaceae (8 espécies) foram as famílias mais comuns. As espécies mais citadas foram Mentha arvensis (hortelã), Ruta graveolens (arruda) e Citrus sinensis (laranja). As folhas foram as partes da planta mais utilizadas e a decocção da folha o procedimento mais comum usado para preparar medicamentos. Os problemas mais comuns citados foram doenças do aparelho digestivo, doenças do aparelho respiratório e problemas com sintomas não classificados. Plantas com índices de concordância maior que 25% Ethnobotany of medicinal plants in riverine communities of the Municipality of Manacapuru, Amazonas, Brasil ABSTRACTThe utilization of medicinal plants is a common practice among human populations. The present work aimed to carry out an ethno botanical survey to assess plant knowledge and use of medicinal plants by local people of four riverine communities at the municipality of Manacapuru. We collected information from one hundred and sixty-four local dwellers, selected at random, using semi-structured interviews, participant observations and guided tours. Health problems cited were ranked according to the International Statistic Classification of Diseases and Health Related Problems (CID-10) and agreement indexes were used to identify the main uses of each species. One hundred seventy-one medicinal plants were identified belonging to 65 families. The Lamiaceae (14 species), Asteraceae (9 species), Fabaceae and Euphorbiaceae (8 species) were to most common families. The most cited species were Mentha arvensis (mint), Ruta graveolens (common rue) and Citrus sinensis (sweet orange). Leaves were the most utilized plant part and leaf decoction the most common procedure used for preparing medicines. The most common problems cited were digestive tract ailments, respiratory system illnesses and problems with unclassified symptoms. Plants with agreement indexes greater than 25% were Plectranthus amboinicus, Chenopodium ambrosioides, Citrus aurantiifolia, Acmella oleracea, Plectranthus barbatus, Mentha arvensis, Citrus sinensis, Lippia origanoides, Lippia alba, Cymbopogon citratus and Ruta graveolens. These results confirm that populations living in Manacapuru still use medicinal plants as one of the ways of treating the...

Urban ethnobotany: a case study in neighborhoods of different ages in Chapecó, Santa Catarina State

“…Lamiaceae and Asteraceae, together with Solanaceae, were the families with the highest number of species in surveys in urban home gardens carried out by Eichemberg et al (2009), Carniello et al (2010), Meyer et al (2012) and Vásquez et al (2014). This finding can be explained because of their cosmopolitan distribution and because such families include many species with bioactive compounds that are used with medicinal purposes (Di Stasi et al 2002).…”

“…Notwithstanding, aside from the material benefits, home gardens are important to women because they are related to their domestic duties, labor patterns, productive decisions, aesthetic sensibilities and cultural roles (Howard 2006). Despite their knowledge regarding ornamental plants, in a general way women have extensive knowledge about medicinal plants because they are responsible for the preparation of medicines and for the health care of the family, while knowledge of men about medicinal plants is particularly restricted to species in the forest (Vásquez et al 2014). Thus, house-lot gardens are a way for women to manifest specialized knowledge and skills without competing with men (Howard 2006).…”

Silvicultural performance of five forest species in the central Brazilian Amazon

“…In rural properties in the Brazilian Amazon region, Acacia mangium has been planted for the production of wood for export (Barros et al 2009), whereas Jacaranda copaia has been used to provide thermal comfort for cattle due to shading, and also for the future obtaining of wood, and Dipteryx odorata has been planted for medicinal purposes (Santos and Mitja 2010). Leaves and seeds of Dipteryx odorata are used in the form of tea and also with alcohol maceration, for internal use, to combat headaches, cough, indigestion, and epilepsy (Vázquez et al 2014).…”

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“…vezes o isolamento ou semi isolamento geográfico de comunidades, bem como, as dificuldades de acesso físico e/ou econômico aos insumos para sobrevivência fazem com que os moradores optem pelos recursos naturais disponíveis em suas localidades. Ratificam ainda os resultados obtidos por www.rara.unir.br www.rara.unir.br Berg (2010), onde vegetais empregados com finalidade medicinal são as únicas fontes de remédios em locais distantes; e por Vásquez et al, (2014) que alega que os remédios caseiros ainda são de grande valor para o tratamento de doenças mais comuns.…”