Implicações ecológicas da fenologia reprodutiva de Salix martiana Leyb. (Salicaceae) em áreas de várzea da Amazônia Central1

Oliveira, Astrid Câmara de; Piedade, Maria Teresa Fernandez

doi:10.1590/1809-43922002323385

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Os fatores que influenciam os ritmos fenológicos podem ser divididos em duas categorias: bióticos e abióticos (LIEBSCH & MIKICH, 2009). Alguns autores associam os períodos de floração e frutificação a fatores abióticos (OLIVEIRA & PIEDADE, 2002). Os eventos fenológicos estão geralmente sujeitos a variações ambientais relacionadas ao clima (ATHAYDE et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Caracterização Fenológica De Três Espécies Florestais Em Ecossistema De Terra Firme, Amapá, Brasil

Freitas¹,

Santos²,

Cruz³

et al. 2016

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RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi obter informações referentes à fenologia reprodutiva de três espécies florestais: Carapa guianensis Aubl., Caryocar villosum (Aubl.) Pers. e Virola melinonii (Benoist) A.C.Sm., em floresta de terra firme. O estudo foi desenvolvido no município de Porto Grande, Amapá. Foram selecionadas 10 matrizes de cada espécie e observadas a floração, frutificação e mudança foliar para cada árvore por um período de 28 meses. A floração das espécies V. melinonii, C. villosum ocorreu durante o período de estiagem. A época mais adequada para a coleta de frutos de C. guianensis e C. villosum é durante os meses de fevereiro a junho na área de estudo. A espécie V. melinonii apresentou o evento frutificação durante a fase de estiagem.

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Section: Introductionunclassified

Caracterização Fenológica De Três Espécies Florestais Em Ecossistema De Terra Firme, Amapá, Brasil

Freitas¹,

Santos²,

Cruz³

et al. 2016

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“…Floristic inventories rarely include understory trees with small diameters and of low growth heights. Thus, information about species composition and structure of forest regeneration in Amazonian floodplains is scarce and mostly concentrated on experimental studies dealing with the seedling establishment of single tree species (Ziburski, 1991; Oliveira, 1998; Parolin, 2000, 2001; Ferreira, 2002). In contrast to the terra firme, where early‐successional regeneration is mainly keyed to the light‐demand of seedlings and saplings in gaps (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sapling communities in Amazonian white‐water forests

Wittmann¹,

Junk²

2003

Journal of Biogeography

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Aim Structure and floristic composition of forest regeneration (trees between 1 and 10 cm diameter at breast height (d.b.h), ‡ 1 m growth height) was described in three forest types of Amazonian white-water forests (vá rzea), in order to analyse whether floristic composition of saplings is related to the successional stage of the forests, whether it differs in comparision with the mature flora, and if there exists a zonation of sapling species along the gradients of flooding and irradiation.Location Mamirauá Sustainable Development Reserve, Western Brazilian Amazon. MethodsThe investigated forests were of the low and the high vá rzea type, on an annual average flooded around 4 and 1 months, respectively. The two low-vá rzea forests belonged to the secondary and to the late-successional stage, the high-vá rzea forest also to the late-successional stage. A total of 24 circular sample plots covering 1885 m 2 were installed. They were nested within three rectangular 1 ha permanent sample plots where individuals ‡ 10 cm d.b.h. were formerly inventoried. Average inundation and radiation [relative photosynthetically active radiation (rPAR)] at the forest floor was recorded in all inventoried plots. The Mean spatial Distribution Center (MDC; Ebdon, 1998) for all sapling species was calculated. Sapling species were grouped into associations with respect to their light-demand and their location along the flood-level gradient.Results Average flood height and average rPAR at the forest floor was highest in the secondary stage of the low vá rzea and lowest in the high-vá rzea forest. Overall average density and basal area of the saplings averaged 2250 individuals and 2.3 m 2 ha )1 in the secondary stage, 2330 individuals and 2.6 m 2 ha )1 in the late-successional stage of the low vá rzea and 5000 individuals and 4.8 m 2 ha )1 in the high vá rzea. In all forest types, species richness of saplings was lower than species richness of trees ‡ 10 cm d.b.h., and amounted to 25 species in the secondary stage, to 35 species in the late-successional stage of the low vá rzea and to 88 species in the high-vá rzea forest. The amount of ÔimmigrantsÕ (Bazzaz, 1991) at the sapling level increased with proceeding forest succession and amounted to 24 and 29% in the low vá rzea and to 31% in the high vá rzea. Sapling species distribution, species richness and individual density was linked to both, the gradient of flooding and the gradient of irradiation. Species richness and individual density was highest in the high vá rzea and decreased with increasing influence of flooding. The high vá rzea was predominated by pronounced shade-tolerant sapling species, whereas in the low vá rzea occured both, light demanding and shade-tolerant species groups.Main conclusions Influence of flooding seems to be the main factor triggering species composition and structure of sapling communities in vá rzea forests. Proceeding forest succession reduces the impact of flooding because of the biogenical induced silting up of the forested sites. However, forest succes...

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“…Animal-dispersed plants bearing fleshy fruits are well represented in Amazonian forests, and tropical humid forests in general (Fleming & Kress 2011), while abiotically dispersed plants are typically more common in dry forests (Griz & Machado 2001). In seasonally inundated forests such as v arzea, a higher proportion of plants is also expected to bear seeds dispersed by abiotic agents, in particular water, which is expected to be one of the main dispersal vectors (Kubitzki & Ziburski 1994, Oliveira & Piedade 2002, 2013. However, this is likely to be tempered to some extent by the importance of fish in seed dispersal in flooded forests (Horn et al 2011).…”

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Patterns of plant phenology in Amazonian seasonally flooded and unflooded forests

Hawes

Peres

2016

Biotropica

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Few studies have successfully monitored community‐wide phenological patterns in seasonally flooded Amazonian várzea forests, where a prolonged annual flood pulse arguably generates the greatest degree of seasonality of any low‐latitude ecosystem on Earth. We monitored the vegetative and reproductive plant phenology of várzea (VZ) floodplain and adjacent terra firme (TF) forests within two contiguous protected areas in western Brazilian Amazonia, using three complementary methods: monthly canopy observations of 1056 individuals (TF: 556, VZ: 500), twice monthly collections from 0.5‐m2 litterfall traps within two 100‐ha plots (1 TF, 1 VZ; 96 traps per plot), and monthly ground surveys of residual fruit‐fall along transect‐grids within each 100‐ha plot (12 km per plot). Surveys encompassed the entire annual flood cycle and employed a floating trap design to cope with fluctuating water levels. Phenology patterns were generally similar in both forest types. Leaffall peaked during the aquatic phase in várzea forest and the dry season in terra firme. Flowering typically followed leaffall and leaf flush, extending into the onset of the terrestrial phase and rainy season in várzea and terra firme, respectively. Abiotic seed dispersal modes were relatively more prevalent in várzea than terra firme; the main contrast in fruiting seasonality was more likely a result of differences in community composition and relative abundance of seed dispersal modes than differences within individual genera. We emphasize the difficulty in distinguishing the role of the flood pulse from other seasonal environmental variables without multiannual data or spatially replicated studies across the spectrum of Amazonian forest types.

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Implicações ecológicas da fenologia reprodutiva de Salix martiana Leyb. (Salicaceae) em áreas de várzea da Amazônia Central1

Cited by 17 publications

References 10 publications

Caracterização Fenológica De Três Espécies Florestais Em Ecossistema De Terra Firme, Amapá, Brasil

Caracterização Fenológica De Três Espécies Florestais Em Ecossistema De Terra Firme, Amapá, Brasil

Sapling communities in Amazonian white‐water forests

Patterns of plant phenology in Amazonian seasonally flooded and unflooded forests

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