Electrophoretic Analysis of 11 Enzymes in Natural Populations Ofroot, 1926 (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Amazon Region

Abstract

-Of eleven proteins analyzed in four Amazonian populations, the esterases showed the greatest variation, with five activity zones. EST1, EST2 and EST5 showed variation in each of the populations studied. EST1 and EST2 are each controlled by two, and EST5 by four, codominant alleles. LAP presented six activity zones, with codominant variation in LAP5 and LAP6. oc-GPDH was monomorphic with one activity band on starch gel and two on polyacrylamide gel. 1DH presented two activity zones, with variation in the IDHl region. PGM had a single activity zone, with variation in all populations. The Ariquemes populations showed five alleles and the other populations three, all of then codominant. Three activity zones with two codominant alleles were observed for ODH. Aldehyde Oxidase showed two activity zones, with variation in AOl only in the Ariquemes and Porto Velho/Samuel populations. 6-PGDH showed only one activity zone and variation only in the Ariquemes population. The remaing systems -XDH, G-6-PDH and GDH. was monomorphic. Key words: Anopheles darlingi, isozymes, electrophoresisAnálise Eletroforética de 11 Enzimas era Populações Naturais de Anopheles (Ν.) darlingi Root, 1926 (Diptera: Cuiicidae) na Região Amazônica.RESUMO -Dos 11 sistemas protéicos analisados, em quatro populações da Amazônia, as esterases foram as que apresentaram maior variação, com cinco zonas de atividade. EST1, EST2, e EST5 mostraram variação genética determinada em todas populações estudadas, sendo que as duas primeiras são resultantes do controle de dois alelos e a EST5 de quatro, todos codominantes. A LAP consiste de seis zonas de atividade e com variação apenas nos loci LAP5 e LAP6, ambos codominantes. A GPDH mostrou-se monomórfica com uma zona de atividade em gel de amido e duas em poliacrilamida. A IDH apresentou duas zonas de atividade, com variação na região da IDH1. A PGM consiste de uma única zona de atividade e com variação em todas as populações estudadas. A população de Ariquemes revelou cinco alelos e as demais três, todos codominantes. Para a ODH, foram observadas três zonas de atividade com dois alelos codominantes. A enzima AO apresentou duas zonas de atividade, sendo que a AOl mostrou-se variável apenas em Ariquemes e Porto Velho/Samuel. 6-PGDH possui apenas uma zona de atividade e variação apenas em Ariquemes. Os demais sistemas -XDH, G-6-PDH e GDH -mostraram-se monomórficos.

Enzymatic analysis in Anopheles nuneztovari Gabaldón (Diptera, Culicidae)

“…Heterozygous individuals showed three bands, suggesting a dimeric protein structure. These results agree with a great part of the studies performed in Anopheles (Steiner et al, 1981;Narang et al, 1993;Fritz et al, 1995;Santos et al, 1996;Maia, 1997; among others). The exception is the A. quadrimaculatus complex, in which three loci were revealed with genetic variation in all of them (Narang et al, 1989).…”

“…However, this hypothesis may be reinforced with additional studies. Low variability for this enzyme in A. nuneztovari, is in accordance with results found for others species of Neotropical anopheline, such as A. aquasalis (Narang et al, 1979), A. darlingi (Santos et al, 1996), A. oswaldoi (Scarpassa,V. N. 2,unpubl.…”

“…Examples of this can be seen in A. stephensi (Van Driel et al, 1987), A. quadrimaculatus complex (Narang et al, 1989), A. albimanus (Narang et al, 1991), A. balabacensis (Hii et al, 1991), A. dirus complex (Green et al, 1992), A. darlingi (Santos et al, 1996). However, the Idh-3 observed in A. nuneztovari is probably a third locus detected for the first time in Neotropical anophelines.…”

“…In anopheline mosquitoes such as in A. albimanus of the six stained loci, four were polymorphic (Vedbrat & Whitt, 1975), in A. aquasalis, five of the six stained loci presented genetic variation (Narang et al, 1979), in A. nuneztovari from Suriname and Venezuela, three of the five loci presented variation (Steiner et al, 1980), as well as three of the six loci in A. darlingi (Santos et al, 1996), and two of the four loci in A. albitarsis (Maia, 1997). Also, ontogenetic analysis of the A. nuneztovari population from Tucuruí, presented seven loci with genetic variation in six (Scarpassa, 1988).…”

Intrapopulational genetic differentiation in Anopheles (N.) darlingi Root, 1926 (Diptera: Culicidae) in the amazon region

“…Electrophoretic techniques and enzyme recipes were those described in Steiner and Joslyn (1979) and Lima and Contel (1990). The gels were prepared as described by Santos et al (1996). The following loci were analyzed: EST1, EST2,EST5,LAP1,LAP2,LAP5,IDH1,IDH2,ODH1,ODH2,ODH3,AO1,AO2,XDH1,GDH, Allele frequencies were estimated directly from the data.…”