Observations on flower visitors to Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K. and Couratari tenuicarpa A.C. Sm. (Lecythidaceae)

Nelson, Blake W.; Absy, M.L.; Barbosa, Edelcílio Marques; Prance, Ghillean Τ.

doi:10.1590/1809-43921985155234

Cited by 29 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Brazil nut occurs as both scattered trees in upland forests and as anthropogenic stands, called castanhais [8,125]. Müller et al [126] hypothesized that Brazil nut's current distribution is largely due to human dispersal, which is strongly supported by the distribution of castanhais and the lack of old growth Brazil nut in some areas, such as part of the municipality of Manaus [127] and much of the Juruá River basin [128]. Along the Purus River, in southern Amazonia, several populations have quite large seeds, suggesting incipient domestication [1].…”

Section: Brazil Nutmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin and Domestication of Native Amazonian Crops

et al. 2010

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Molecular analyses are providing new elements to decipher the origin, domestication and dispersal of native Amazonian crops in an expanding archaeological context. Solid molecular data are available for manioc (Manihot esculenta), cacao (Theobroma cacao), pineapple (Ananas comosus), peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) and guaraná (Paullinia cupana), while hot peppers (Capsicum spp.), inga (Inga edulis), Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa) and cupuassu (Theobroma grandiflorum) are being studied. Emergent patterns include the relationships among domestication, antiquity (terminal Pleistocene to early Holocene), origin in the periphery, ample pre-Columbian dispersal and clear phylogeographic population structure for manioc, pineapple, peach palm and, perhaps, Capsicum peppers. Cacao represents the special case of an Amazonian species possibly brought into domestication in Mesoamerica, but close scrutiny of molecular data suggests that it may also have some incipiently domesticated populations in Amazonia. Another pattern includes the relationships among species with incipiently domesticated populations or very recently domesticated populations, rapid pre-or post-conquest dispersal and lack of phylogeographic population structure, e.g., Brazil nut, cupuassu and guaraná . These patterns contrast the peripheral origin of most species with domesticated OPEN ACCESSDiversity 2010, 2 73 populations with the subsequent concentration of their genetic resources in the center of the basin, along the major white water rivers where high pre-conquest population densities developed. Additional molecular genetic analyses on these and other species will allow better examination of these processes and will enable us to relate them to other historical ecological patterns in Amazonia.

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Section: Brazil Nutmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin and Domestication of Native Amazonian Crops

et al. 2010

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“…So far, studies on Bertholletia excelsa have mainly focused on aspects of its cultivation: germination (Kainer et al 1999, Müller 1981, seedling growth (Kainer et al 1998, Poorter 1999, Zuidema et al 1999, enrichment planting (Kainer et al 1998, Oliveira 2000 and establishment of plantations (Mori &Prance 1990 andreferences therein, Müller 1981). Studies in natural populations have concentrated on population structures (Peres & Baider 1997, Salomao 1991, Viana et al 1998, population genetics , pollination mechanisms (Müller et al 1980, Nelson et al 1985 and dispersal ecology (Peres & Baider 1997, Tabarelli & Mantovani 1996, Terborgh et al 1993. In spite of the considerable research attention paid to Bertholletia in the biological literature, a quantitative analysis of the entire life cycle of the species is still lacking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demography of the Brazil nut tree (Bertholletia excelsa) in the Bolivian Amazon: impact of seed extraction on recruitment and population dynamics

2002

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ABSTRACT. A demographic study was carried out on Bertholletia excelsa, the Brazil nut tree, in two primary forest sites in Northern Bolivia where Brazil nuts have been harvested for several decades. In spite of the large proportion (93%) of seeds that are harvested, reasonable densities of recently emerged seedlings were found. Seeds of Bertholletia are contained in woody fruits that are primarily opened by agoutis. Most fruits are left untouched on the forest floor for 1-2 y before they are opened, possibly due to high energetic costs of fruit opening just after fruit fall. However, the proportion of viable seeds is strongly reduced in older fruits.Growth in diameter at breast height (dbh) was low for pole-sized trees (< 15 cm dbh) and adult trees (> 100 cm dbh) and peaked for intermediate-sized trees (30-60 cm). These trees often attained a growth rate of > 1.5 cm y −1 , which is high compared with other non-pioneer tropical trees. This, and the strong growth response to increased light availability found for seedlings and saplings, suggest that Bertholletia excelsa can be classified as a gap-dependent species. Matrix population models were constructed for both study populations. Population growth rates (λ) were close to one, and were most sensitive to persistence in one size category. Age estimates revealed that age at first reproduction (at dbh > 60 cm) amounts to over 120 y, and age in the last category (dbh > 160 cm) to almost 300 y. Given the continuous rejuvenation of the population, the stable population size, the high age at maturity and the long reproductive period, it is concluded that current levels of Brazil nut extraction may be sustained at least for several decades and perhaps for even longer periods.

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“…Alguns autores observaram que as palmeiras são importantes fontes de pólen, tanto para as Apis, como para outras espécies de abelhas principalmente os meliponíneos (ENGEL & DINGEMANS-BAKELS, 1980;ABSY et al, 1984; KERR et al, 1986/87;IMPERATRIZ-FONSECA et al, 1989;RAMALHO et al, 1990;AMBOUGOU-ATISSO, 1990;MARQUES-SOUZA, 1993 (NELSON et al 1985). Plantas com anteras poricidas dificultam a coleta do pólen, obrigando a vários tipos de abelhas, a recorrerem a outras fontes de alimento ou, então, coletarem por "métodos ilegítimos" como a destruição das anteras (RENNER, 1983 …”

Section: Resultsunclassified

DADOS DA OBTENÇÃO DO PÓLEN POR OPERÁRIAS DE Apis mellifera NO MUNICÍPIO DE JI-PARANÁ (RO), BRASIL

Μarques-Souza

Absy

Condé³

et al. 1993

Acta Amaz.

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RESUMO -Foram analisados os pólen corbiculares de operárias de Apis mellifera durante o período de dois anos, no Município de Ji-Parana(RO). Constatou-se que dos 126 tipos polínicos coletados, apenas uma pequena parte (12,0%) foram intensamente explorados pelas africanizadas, destacando-se entre eles: Cecropia sp., Orbignya martiana, Poaceae tipo, Cosmos caudaíus, Cocos nucifera, Cynometra sp., Mimosa pudica, Cissus sp., etc. que tiveram seus pólen coletados em mais de dez meses. Observou-se que a coleta de pólen pelas Apis, na Amazônia, não está relacionada com as mudanças climáticas e sim com a época de floração das fontes. Fevereiro de 1989 foi o mês onde as operárias mais diversificaram, coletando 41 tipos de plantas. Os meses de março, novembro de 1988 e janeiro de 1990 foram os meses que apresentaram a menor diversificação num total de onze espécies de plantas coletadas pelas operárias. Palavras-chave: Pólen, Apis mellifera, Espécies de plantasData on pollen collection by workers of Apis mellifera in the municipality of Ji-Paraná (RO), Brazil.ABSTRACT -Polen worker corbiculae of Apis mellifera were analised during a period of two years in the municipality of Ji-Paraná(RO). It was verified that of the 126 pollen types collected, only a small part (12,0%) was intensely exploited by the africanized honey bee, namely, February of 1988; March, November of 1989 and January of 1989 were the months when the workers collected the least number of plant species, a total of eleven types.

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Observations on flower visitors to Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K. and Couratari tenuicarpa A.C. Sm. (Lecythidaceae)

Abstract: SUMMARY Ezzi

Cited by 29 publications

References 2 publications

Origin and Domestication of Native Amazonian Crops

Origin and Domestication of Native Amazonian Crops

Demography of the Brazil nut tree (Bertholletia excelsa) in the Bolivian Amazon: impact of seed extraction on recruitment and population dynamics

DADOS DA OBTENÇÃO DO PÓLEN POR OPERÁRIAS DE Apis mellifera NO MUNICÍPIO DE JI-PARANÁ (RO), BRASIL

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