Aspectos estruturais do aerossol atmosférico da Bacia Amazônica

Neto, Paulo Artaxo; Orsini, C.M.Q.; Bouéres, L. C.; Leslie, A.C.D.

doi:10.1590/1809-43921982123s039

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The ratios from Table 1 can be compared with similar ratios measured in burning plumes from forest fires in the Amazon Basin in 1979 and 1980 [Leslie, 1981;Artaxo et al, 1982a]. The Kx/mass ratio measured for burning-derived fine particles was 0.0030, a value that is approximately 1 order of magnitude smaller than the data in this study for both the wet and dry periods.…”

Section: Presents the Averages Of These Ratios For Wet-and Dry-weathesupporting

confidence: 48%

Composition and sources of aerosols from the Amazon Basin

Artaxo¹,

Storms²,

Bruynseels³

et al. 1988

J. Geophys. Res.

185

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Institute for Nuclear Sciences, Rijksuniversiteit Gent, Ghent, Bel•tiumAerosols were sampled in the Amazon Basin, as part of the Global Tropospheric Experiment (GTE), during the Amazon Boundary Layer Experiment (ABLE 2A) in July-August 1985. Fine-and coarseparticle fractions were analyzed for 22 elements by particle-induced X ray emission. Gravimetric mass, black carbon, sulfate, and nitrate concentrations were also determined. Morphological and trace element measurements of individual particles were carried out by automated electron probe X ray microanalysis. Various receptor models, including multivariate methods and a chemical mass balance model, were employed in the interpretation of the bulk trace element concentrations. Three factors explained over 85% of the variability of fine-and coarse-mode variables. On the basis of the elemental composition of the factors, two could be identified as plant related, and the third was a soil dust component. Of the coarse-mode aerosol mass concentration (of 7.6 + 1.6 /•g/m3), 62% could be attributed to aerosols released by the vegetation and 11% to soil dust. In the fine mode, soil dust accounted for less than 10% of the measured mass concentration (of 6.8 + 3.9 /•g/m3). The variables related to the plant component were K, P, S, Ca, Mg, C1, Rb, and the gravimetric mass. The elemental profile of the plant component resembled the bulk plant composition. By single-particle analysis coupled with hierarchical cluster analysis, six to nine different biogenic-related particle groups could be identified in the fine-and coarse-aerosol modes. Almost all particle types consisted predominantly of carbonaceous material, with trace amounts of K, S, Ca, P, C1, and Na. Only one group, comprising less than 11% of the total number of particles, consisted of soil dust-related aerosol.

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Section: Presents the Averages Of These Ratios For Wet-and Dry-weathesupporting

confidence: 48%

Composition and sources of aerosols from the Amazon Basin

Artaxo¹,

Storms²,

Bruynseels³

et al. 1988

J. Geophys. Res.

185

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…0148-0227/90/90JD-00142505.00 continental tropical carbonaceous aerosol may have an impact on the remote troposphere [Cachier et al, 1985;Crozat et al, 1978]. Only few studies involving aerosol elemental concentration measurements have been conducted in tropical rain forests [Lawson and Winchester, 1979;Orsini et al, 1982;Artaxo, 1985;Artaxo and Orsini, 1986;Artaxo et al, 1982aArtaxo et al, , 1988. The emission of aerosols during the burning of forests was studied at several locations [Seiler and Crutzen, 1980;Andreae, 1983;Lawson and Winchester, 1978], including the Amazon Basin [Artaxo et al, 1982b] and central Brazil [Leslie, 1981].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerosol characteristics and sources for the Amazon Basin during the wet season

Artaxo¹,

Maenhaut²,

Storms³

et al. 1990

J. Geophys. Res.

187

121

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As a part of the NASA Global Tropospheric Experiment (GTE), aerosols were sampled in the tropical rain forest of the Amazon Basin during the Amazon Boundary Layer Experiment (ABLE 2B) in April and May 1987, in the wet season, when no forest burning occurs. Fine (dp < 2.0 μm) and coarse (2.0 < dp < 15 μm) aerosol fractions were collected using stacked filter units, at three sites under the forest canopy and at three levels of a tower inside the jungle. Particle‐induced X ray emission (PIXE) was used to measure concentrations of 22 elements (Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Br, Rb, Sr, Zr, and Pb). Morphological and trace element measurements of individual particles were carried out by automated electron probe X ray microanalysis. Gravimetric analysis was performed to obtain the fine and coarse aerosol mass concentration. Absolute factor analysis was used to interpret the large data set of the trace element concentrations and to obtain elemental source profiles. Hierarchical cluster analysis was used to derive groups of individual particles. The concentrations of soil dust related elements (Al, Si, Ti, Fe, Mn) were 5 times larger in the wet season compared to the 1985 ABLE 2A dry season experiment. Biogenic aerosol related elements in the fine fraction showed lower concentrations in the wet season. Fine aerosol mass concentration averaged only 2.1±0.7 μg m−3, while the average coarse mass concentration was 6.1±1.8 μg m −3. Sulphur concentrations averaged 76±14 ng m −3 in the fine fraction and 37±9 ng m −3 in the coarse fraction. Biogenic aerosol‐related elements were dominant under the forest canopy, while soil dust dominated at the top of the forest canopy. Only two factors explained about 90% of the data variability for the fine and coarse aerosol fractions. These were soil dust (represented mainly by Al, Si, Ti, Mn, and Fe) and biogenic aerosol (represented by K, P, Cl, S, Zn, and the aerosol mass concentration). Source profiles showed a homogeneous aerosol distribution with similar elemental compositions at the different sampling sites. Enrichment factor calculations revealed a soil dust elemental profile similar to the average bulk soil composition, and a biogenic component similar to the plant bulk elemental composition. Total aerosol mass source apportionment showed that biogenic particles account for 55–95% of the airborne concentrations. The analysis of individual aerosol particles showed that the biogenic particles consist of leaf fragments, pollen grains, fungi, algae, and other types of particles. Several groups of particles with K, Cl, P, S, and Ca as minor elements could easily be identified as biogenic particles on the basis of their morphology. Considering the vast area of tropical rain forests and the concentrations measured in this work, it is possible that biogenic particles can play an important role in the global aerosol budget and in the global biogeochemical cycles of various elements.

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Trace element concentrations and size distribution of biogenic aerosols from the amazon basin during the wet season

Artaxo

Maenhaut²

1990

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B:

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Aspectos estruturais do aerossol atmosférico da Bacia Amazônica

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Composition and sources of aerosols from the Amazon Basin

Composition and sources of aerosols from the Amazon Basin

Aerosol characteristics and sources for the Amazon Basin during the wet season

Trace element concentrations and size distribution of biogenic aerosols from the amazon basin during the wet season

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