Balanço hídrico de pequena bacia hidrográfica em floresta amazônica de terra firme

Leopoldo, Paulo Rodolfo; Franken, Wolfram; Salati, Enéas

doi:10.1590/1809-43921982122333

Cited by 27 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…They concluded that the annual evapotranspiration obtained by their study was almost as same as the potential evapotranspiration calculated by the Penman method using the data of Manaus from 1931to 1960(Villa Nova et al, 1976 and their results might be right. However, since the annual evapotranspiration at Barro Blanco (See Table 4) was estimated to be more than the annual potential evapotranspiration, runoff might be underestimated in their study as well as the case of Leopoldo et al (1982). However, these results may represent the characteristics of the hydrological cycle near Manaus, since Shuttleworth (1988) also concluded that the annual evapotranspiration, based on a direct measurement, was almost as same as the annual potential evapotranspiration calculated by the Penman method and as the Priestley-Taylor annual potential evaporation (Priestley and Taylor, 1972).…”

Section: Comparison With Previous Studiesmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…For example, the result of Leopoldo et al (1982) is about 80 percent. This is because of the underestimation of the annual runoff, since the discharge measurement instrument was destroyed by flood in the course of their experiment.…”

Section: Comparison With Previous Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Jordan and Heuveldop (1981) investigated the precise water budget in the Venezuelan Amazon, and the water budget at the model basins near Manaus (3*S, c1992, Meteorological Society of Japan 60*W) were also well investigated (e.g. Leopoldo et al, 1982, Franken andLeopoldo, 1984). In the early 1980's, the Amazon Region Meteorological Experiment (ARME) was done at Ducke Forest Reserva, the small experimental area near Manaus (Shuttleworth et al, 1991), which clarified the diurnal cycle of the water and energy budget (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Water Budget in the Amazon River Basin during the FGGE Period

Matsuyama

1992

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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The seasonal change of the water budget in the Amazon river basin during the FGGE period is investigated, using the global objective analyzed data set, precipitation data and river discharge data. Substituting these data into the atmospheric water balance equation and that of the basin, the evapotranspiration and relative value of basin storage are estimated and the relationships of water balance terms are examined.The annual water vapor flux convergence, calculated using the FGGE "main" III-b data set analyzed at the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, is estimated to be smaller than the annual runoff obtained by river discharge data. This is due to the characteristics of this global objective analyzed data set that it is made by the 4-dimensional data assimilation method which expresses the divergence and convergence of wind in the tropics as weaker than in the real state. The seasonal change pattern of precipitation shows good correspondence to that of water vapor flux convergence, which is multiplied by the factor 1.37 in order that its annual value meets the annual runoff. Evapotranspiration, estimated by the atmospheric water balance equation, remains almost constant within a year and the seasonal change of basin storage is very large. This result indicates that evapotranspiration in the entire Amazon river basin is not affected by the seasonal change of basin storage even in the dry season.The evapotranspiration ratio (evapotranspiration/precipitation) of the dry season is larger than that of the rainy season. It is concluded that the role of evapotranspiration on the water cycle in the Amazon river basin is relatively more important in the dry season than in the rainy season.

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Section: Comparison With Previous Studiesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Comparison With Previous Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Water Budget in the Amazon River Basin during the FGGE Period

Matsuyama

1992

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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“…Despite the small dataset, the species-specific conductive xylem area scaled relatively well with the diameter at breast height of a given species. Compiled after values given for Manaus by Salati and Vose [27] and Leopolodo et al [28], we took the actual precipitation input of the year 2012, which differs only minimally from the original studies by Salati and Vose [27] and Leopolodo et al [28]. 2 Estimates derived from measurements conducted by this study.…”

Section: Sap Flux Properties and Conductivity Of The Xylemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Estimates for the Central Amazon for years with similar rainfall rates as during our study period assume that approximately 74.1% of the annual rainfall is evapotranspired [27], which would be 1487 mm for our study year. Assuming a significant increase of soil evaporation from 0% in the forest [27,28] to up to 15% of the annual rainfall in the plantation [30] and a reduced evaporation of rainfall interception due to reduced leaf area in the plantation, we estimated an annual evapotranspiration rate of 898 mm above the plantation (Figure 3). This means locally an up to 40% reduction of evapotranspiration through land use conversion to such small-holder plantations and that the runoff rate would be significantly increased.…”

Section: Stand Transpiration Rate and Impact On The Local Water Budgetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Potential Impacts of Planting Palms or Tree in Small Holder Fruit Plantations on Ecohydrological Processes in the Central Amazon

Kunert

Aparecido

Barros

et al. 2015

Forests

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Native fruiting plants are widely cultivated in the Amazon, but little information on their water use characteristics can be found in the literature. To explore the potential impacts of plantations on local to regional water balance, we studied plant water use characteristics of two native fruit plants commonly occurring in the Amazon region. The study was conducted in a mixed fruit plantation containing a dicot tree species (Cupuaçu, Theobroma grandiflorum) and a monocot palm species (Açai, Euterpe oleracea) close to the city of Manaus, in the Central Amazon. Scaling from sap flux measurements, palms had a 3.5-fold higher water consumption compared to trees with a similar diameter. Despite the high transpiration rates of the palms, our plantation had only one third of the potential water recycling capacity of natural forests in the area. Converting natural forest into such plantations will thus result in significantly higher runoff rates. OPEN ACCESSForests 2015, 6 2531

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Water balance, nutrient and carbon export from a heath forest catchment in central Amazonia, Brazil

Zanchi

Waterloo

Tapia

et al. 2015

Hydrological Processes

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Abstract:Carbon storage values in the Amazon basin have been studied through different approaches in the last decades in order to clarify whether the rainforest ecosystem is likely to act as a sink or source for carbon in the near future. This water balance, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nutrient export study were carried out in a micro-scale heath forest (Campina) catchment in central Amazonia, Brazil. For a 1-year study period (18 March 2007 until 19 March 2008, rainfall amounted to 3054 mm; of which, 1532 mm was evaporated by the forest (4.1 mm day À1 ). Rainfall interception loss amounted to 15.6% of gross rainfall. Surface runoff amounted to 485 mm, whereas another 1071 mm was discharged as regional groundwater outflow. Accumulated DOC exports in surface runoff amounted to 15.3 g m À2 year À1 , whereas the total carbon exported was 55.9 g m À2 . This is much higher than that observed for a nearby tall rainforest catchment in central Amazonia (DOC export < 20 g m À2 ). As Campina heath forest areas cover a significant proportion of the Amazon Basin, these differences in ecosystem hydrological carbon exports should be taken into account in future studies assessing the carbon budget for the Amazon Basin. Macro-nutrient exports were low, but those of calcium and potassium were higher than those observed for tall rainforest in the Amazon, which may be caused by a lower retention capacity of the heath forest ecosystem.

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Balanço hídrico de pequena bacia hidrográfica em floresta amazônica de terra firme

Cited by 27 publications

References 1 publication

The Water Budget in the Amazon River Basin during the FGGE Period

The Water Budget in the Amazon River Basin during the FGGE Period

Modeling Potential Impacts of Planting Palms or Tree in Small Holder Fruit Plantations on Ecohydrological Processes in the Central Amazon

Water balance, nutrient and carbon export from a heath forest catchment in central Amazonia, Brazil

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