Virola theiodora como alucinógena e tóxica

Maia, José Guilherme S.; Rodrigues, William A.

doi:10.1590/1809-43921974041021

Cited by 4 publications

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“…Warb. (Schultes 1954, 1969, 1979; Schultes and Holmstedt 1968; Prance 1970; Soares Maia and Rodrigues 1974; Bennett and Alarcón 1994). In addition to being psychoactive, the reddish exudate of various Virola species is thought to have medicinal properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A taxonomic synopsis of Virola (Myristicaceae) in Mesoamerica, including six new species

Santamaría-Aguilar

Aguilar²,

Lagomarsino

2019

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A taxonomic synopsis of Virola (Myristicaceae) is presented for Mesoamerica. Fourteen species are recognised, amongst them six are described and published as new, based on morphology: V. allenii D.Santam. & Aguilar, sp. nov. from Costa Rica, V. otobifolia D.Santam., sp. nov. from Panama and V. amistadensis D.Santam., sp. nov., V. chrysocarpa D.Santam. & Aguilar, sp. nov., V. fosteri D.Santam., sp. nov. and V. montana D.Santam., sp. nov. from both Costa Rica and Panama. Additionally, a lectotype is designated for V. koschnyi, accompanied by an epitype in view of the fragmentary material. Finally, we recognise V. laevigata and V. nobilis as morphologically distinct species, though these are frequently considered synonymys of V. guatemalensis and V. surinamensis, respectively. Of the fourteen accepted species, twelve of them are endemic to Mesoamerica, while the remaining two species (V. elongata and V. sebifera) extend into South America. Illustrations, species diagnoses and distribution maps for each species are provided, as is an identification key to all species.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A taxonomic synopsis of Virola (Myristicaceae) in Mesoamerica, including six new species

Santamaría-Aguilar

Aguilar²,

Lagomarsino

2019

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Virola: A Promising Genus for Enthnopharmacological Investigation

Plotkin

Schultes

1990

Journal of Psychoactive Drugs

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Data are now available on the antifungal use of Virola from four countries and some 14 different tribes of Indians in these countries who employ the Virola exudate for the same or similar purposes. Three of the five methods of ethnobotanical investigation proposed by Schultes and Swain in 1976 have been employed in this ethnobotanical research. Furthermore, both of the present authors have successfully employed this antifungal treatment themselves. Given that deep fungal infections of the skin are often considered incurable with medications currently in use, further laboratory analysis of Virola resin should be undertaken as soon as possible.

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Pharmepéna-Psychonautics: Human Intranasal, Sublingual and Oral Pharmacology of 5-Methoxy-N, N-Dimethyl-Tryptamine

Ott

2001

Journal of Psychoactive Drugs

101

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Summarized are psychonautic bioassays (human self-experiments) of pharmepéna--crystalline 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT; O-Me-bufotenine), at times combined with crystalline beta-carbolines (harmaline or harmine). These substances were administered via intranasal, sublingual and oral routes, by way of pharmacological modeling of diverse South American shamanic inebriants (principally the snuffs epéna/nyakwana, prepared from barks of diverse species of Virola.) Intranasal, sublingual and oral psychoactivity of 5-MeO-DMT, and the 1967 Holmstedt-Lindgren hypothesis of the paricá-effect--intranasal potentiation of tryptamines by concomitant administration of monoamine-oxidase-inhibiting (MAOI) beta-carbolines from stems of Banisteriopsis caapi admixed with the snuffs--have been confirmed by some 17 psychonautic bioassays. Salient phytochemical and psychonautic literature is reviewed.

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Virola theiodora como alucinógena e tóxica

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

A taxonomic synopsis of Virola (Myristicaceae) in Mesoamerica, including six new species

A taxonomic synopsis of Virola (Myristicaceae) in Mesoamerica, including six new species

Virola: A Promising Genus for Enthnopharmacological Investigation

Pharmepéna-Psychonautics: Human Intranasal, Sublingual and Oral Pharmacology of 5-Methoxy-N, N-Dimethyl-Tryptamine

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