Efeito Da Suplementação Com Farelos No Crescimento in Vitro De Pleurotus Ostreatus Em Meios À Base De Capim-Elefante (Pennisetum Spp.)

Abstract

RESUMO O cogumelo comestível Pleurotus spp. (hiratake) é cultivado em diferentes substratos lignocelulósicos, sendo que conforme a formulação do meio de cultivo, diferenças na produtividade poderão ser obtidas. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o desenvolvimento in vitro de 3 linhagens de P. ostreatus, sob o efeito da suplementação de farelos em diferentes concentrações ao meio de cultura à base de capim-elefante. O experimento consistiu na utilização de meios de cultura estéreis à base de capim-elefante suplementados com farelos de soja, trigo, arroz e milho nas concentrações de 0, 10 e 20%, distribuídos em placas de Petri, inoculado com as linhagens BF24, DF33 e HF19 de P. ostreatus e incubados a 28º C, visando a avaliação da biomassa fúngica e crescimento micelial. Verificou-se que o meio de cultivo com 20% de farelo de soja aumentou a biomassa fúngica e o crescimento micelial para as duas linhagens de P. ostreatus; a suplementação com farelo de trigo foi menos eficiente que a com farelo de soja e os farelos de arroz e milho não apresentaram efeito no aumento da biomassa fúngica e crescimento micelial das linhagens cultivadas.

Lignocellulosic supplementation of the culture medium for mycelial development and production of phenoloxidase enzymes from Amazonian strains of gasteroid fungi (Basidiomycota)

“…It is essential to understand that, under laboratory conditions, the growth and maintenance capacity of mycelial cultures depend on the adequate supply of nutrients provided by the culture medium (Prescott et al, 2002). Supplementation of the culture medium with lignocellulosic bran can be a valuable and advantageous technique for accelerating mycelial growth and biomass production in fungal strains (Donini et al, 2006;Minotto et al, 2008).…”

“…These characteristics are likely associated with the ability to trigger the physiological mechanisms necessary for nutrient utilization from the culture medium (Mata et al, 2001). For instance, nitrogen, which is present in larger quantities in wheat bran, can be used more effectively, and its addition can also stimulate mycelial enzyme activity (Donini et al, 2006). However, it's worth noting that at high concentrations, nutrients can inhibit the development of certain fungal strains (Naraian et al, 2009).…”

“…Consequently, it is expected that mycelial cultures of gasteroid fungi can be enhanced through the supplementation of the culture medium, as observed in other fungal groups (Rossi et al, 2001;Benassi et al, 2012;Pérez-Pacheco et al, 2014;Olguin-Maciel et al, 2017;Szambelan et al, 2018). Utilizing rice and wheat bran can be particularly advantageous for achieving greater biomass or increasing enzyme production, as evidenced in the cultivation of edible mushrooms for similar purposes (Donini et al, 2006;Minotto et al, 2008). In the Brazilian Amazon regions, where the biodiversity of these genera continues to expand each year, it becomes imperative to propose protocols that open up new avenues for scientific research, including basic science, involving these species (Santana et al, 2020).…”

Current situation and future perspectives for the use of fungi in the biomaterial industry and proposal for a new classification of fungal-derived materials

“…The use of additives for fungal growth is mostly addressed to supply macronutrients and/ or micronutrients, often absent in the substrate, and their use, in many cases, represents a considerable increase in substrate colonization by fungal mycelia (Donini et al, 2006;Sánchez, 2010). In the development of materials derived from fungi, the use of additives has been explored in two ways, as a nutritional supplement or as growth support for fungi (Lelivelt et al, 2015;Jiang et al, 2016).…”

“…In the development of materials derived from fungi, the use of additives has been explored in two ways, as a nutritional supplement or as growth support for fungi (Lelivelt et al, 2015;Jiang et al, 2016). For fungal growth, the use of additives is mainly to produce edible fungi, with preference being given to supplementation with wheat bran, sorghum, or corn, due to their rich content in carbon, nitrogen, and other elements (Donini et al, 2006;Sánchez, 2010). As the additives directly influence fungal nutrition and growth, they induce mycelial production, contributing to improve the mechanical features of the final product (Bayer, McIntyre & Swersey, 2008;Arifin & Yusuf, 2013;Lelivelt et al, 2015) (Table 1).…”