Floral visitors of canola (Brassica napus L.) hybrids in Cerrado Mineiro region, Brazil

Abstract

The objective of this study was to verify floral visitors of canola in the Triângulo Mineiro region, Minas Gerais, Brazil. A completely randomized plot design with two hybrids and 10 replicates was used, totaling 20 plots. The survey of floral visitors was made during 10 days. Faunal analyses of the collected species were performed based on frequency, constancy, dominance, and diversity. A total of 2,676 individuals belonging to 13 species of bees of two families (Apidae and Halictidae) were collected. The diversity index found among hybrids was similar (1.28 in hybrid 61 and 1.50 in hybrid 433). The species Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758 (Hymenoptera: Apidae), Paratrigona lineata (Lepeletier, 1836) (Hymenoptera: Apidae), and Trigona spinipes (Fabricius, 1793) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) were the most abundant and constant in the crops during all the evaluated days for both hybrids. So, it is important that efforts be made to conserve natural areas close to crops in order to provide resources for the permanence of floral visitors in the area.

Effectiveness of Native Solitary Bees in Seed Production of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)

“…(2018) stated that there is equal proportional abundance of honey bees and wild bees in sesame. Similar trend was observed globally in other oilseed crops, the proportional abundance of wild bee (60%) was higher than honey bee (40%) in canola (Fuzaro et al, 2019) and in sunflower proportion of wild bees was 70% and honey bees 30% (Silva et al, 2018). In contrast honey bees were most abundant followed by wild bees and syrphid flies in mustard crop (Kunjwal et al, 2014) and in sunflower (Chambó et al, 2011).…”

Abelhas associadas à cultura da canola em Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

“…As duas espécies com maior representação entre os visitantes de canola, A. mellifera, exótica, e T. spinipes, nativa, são sociais e consideradas supergeneralistas, uma vez que visitam flores de numerosas culturas (GIANNINI et al, 2015). Esses dados corroboram estudos anteriores que destacam A. mellifera (Figura 1a) entre as espécies mais abundantes nas flores de canola (ROSA et al, 2011;WITTER et al, 2014a;HALINSKI et al, 2015;HALINSKI, 2017;FUZARO et al, 2019).…”

“…Além da exótica A. mellifera, outras espécies de abelhas nativas visitam a cultura da canola no período de florescimento. Estudos realizados nos estados de Minas Gerais (FUZARO et al, 2018;FUZARO et al, 2019) e do Rio Grande do Sul (WITTER & TIRELLI, 2014;HALINSKI et al, 2015;HALINSKI, 2017) documentaram abelhas das subfamílias Andreninae, Apinae, Colletinae e Halictinae na cultura da canola, sendo mais de 40 espécies potencialmente polinizadoras dessa cultura oleaginosa. Entretanto, ainda são escassas as informações a respeito das espécies de abelhas que visitam a cultura da canola no Norte do Rio Grande do Sul, por isso, este trabalho teve por objetivo conhecer as abelhas associadas à essa cultura oleaginosa no município de Passo Fundo, estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.…”

Breeding strategies to consolidate canola among the main crops for biofuels

“…Canola is grown in latitudes from 35°to 55°, in temperate climates and in systems that allow only one crop per year. Most canola produced in Europe is winter-type, sown in the fall, with the plants covered by snow during the winter, and harvested in the summer of the following year (Fuzaro et al 2019;Tomm et al 2009a, b, c). The optimal temperature for full development of the crop is about 20 °C, with extreme limits between 12 and 30 °C (Robertson et al 2002).…”

“…The main strategy used in directing the efforts to tropicalize canola has been to prioritize the experimentation and the beginning of commercial cropping in areas with altitudes above 600 m, which have milder temperatures (Fuzaro et al 2019;Tomm et al 2008). It is seeking to offset the lower latitude of the new areas of experimentation and early canola growing, located ever closer to the equator, in relation to areas where farming is most widespread in Brazil.…”