Zoonosis associated to Rattus rattus and the impacts of the public actions to control the species

Babolin, Lilian dos Santos; Almeida-Silva, Maria Jeovânia Freire de; Potenza, Marcos Roberto; Fava, Cláudia Del; Castro, Vanessa; Harakava, Ricardo; Okuda, Líria Hiromi; Reboucas, M.M; Campos, A. E. de Carvalho

doi:10.1590/1808-1657000832014

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…We also did not find the correlation between the number of baits applied with the relative abundance (trap success) estimated at each evaluated point. These results are consistent with a previous study carried out in São Paulo [ 39 ], which used a similar methodology where there were no changes in the relative abundance of R . rattus after an intervention using rodenticides with the same active principles and formulations as those used in our study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Few previous studies have reported data on the efficiency of control programs in affecting urban populations of rodents [ 17 , 38 , 39 ]. Additionally, none of them systematically and longitudinally assessed the quality of the intervention in terms of coverage, intensity, and the number of visits performed in each household in the studied area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of the impact of chemical control on the ecology of Rattus norvegicus of an urban community in Salvador, Brazil

et al. 2022

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Background The presence of synanthropic rodents, such as Rattus norvegicus, in urban environments generates high costs of prophylaxis and control, in large part due to the environmental transmission of the pathogenic spirochete Leptospira interrogans, which causes leptospirosis. In Salvador, Brazil, The Center for Control of Zoonosis (CCZ) is responsible for planning and implementing Rodent Control Programs (RCP) which are based on chemical rodenticide. However, these strategies have not been standardized for use in developing countries. Aim This study aimed to identify the effect of a chemical control campaign on the demographic variables of urban R. norvegicus, analyzing relative abundance, sex structure, body mass, and age of the population, as well as the characterization of spatial distribution among households, rodent capture campaigns and interventions. Methods This study was carried out during 2015 in three valleys of an urban poor community in Salvador. Individuals of R. norvegicus were systematically captured before (Pre-intervention) and three months (1st post-intervention) and six months (2nd post-intervention) after a chemical control intervention conducted by the CCZ in two valleys of the study area while the third valley was not included in the intervention campaign and was used as a non-intervention reference. We used analysis of variance to determine if intervention affected demographic variables and chi-square to compare proportions of infested households (Rodent infestation index–PII). Results During the chemical intervention, 939 households were visited. In the pre-intervention campaign, an effort of 310 trap nights resulted in 43 rodents captured, and in the 1st and 2nd, post-intervention campaigns resulted in 47 rodents captured over 312 trap nights and 36 rodents captured over 324 traps-nights, respectively. The rodent infestation index (PII) points did not show a reduction between the period before the intervention and the two periods after the chemical intervention (70%, 72%, and 65%, respectively). Regarding relative abundances, there was no difference between valleys and period before and two periods after chemical intervention (trap success valley 1: 0,18; 0,19; 0,18 / Valley 3 0,15; 0,17; 0,13/ P>0,05). Other demographic results showed that there was no difference in demographic characteristics of the rodent population before and after the intervention, as well as there being no influence of the application of rodenticide on the areas of concentration of capture of rodents between the campaigns. Conclusion Our study indicates that the chemical control was not effective in controlling the population of R. norvegicus and provides evidence of the need for re-evaluation of rodent control practices in urban poor community settings.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the impact of chemical control on the ecology of Rattus norvegicus of an urban community in Salvador, Brazil

et al. 2022

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“…It should be emphasized that the presence of rodents was highly significant, leading to the assumption that these animals can act as vectors of VACV. A serological study detected neutralizing antibodies against VACV in Rattus rattus captured in the metropolitan region of São Paulo/SP/Brazil, evidencing that VACV circulates in this species in synanthropic conditions (BABOLIN et al, 2016). However, it was detected, in rural properties of São Paulo, a high sero-prevalence among domestic animals (cows, horses, sheep, pigs, dogs and cats) and humans, and there was no positive result for wild rodents, emphasizing the involvement of other species that act as reservoirs in the VACV transmission cycle (PERES et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

[RETRACTED ARTICLE] Bovine Vaccinia in dairy cattle and suspicion of vesicular disease on milkers in Brazil

Silva¹,

Lima²,

Castro

et al. 2018

Cienc. Rural

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Bovine vaccinia (BV) is a vesicular disease induced by the Vaccinia virus (VACV) that affects milk production and is an occupational zoonosis. This research had the following objectives: (i) detection of VACV by qPCR in cattle with clinical suspicion of vesicular disease; (ii) symptoms characterization in animals and milkers with clinical suspicion of the disease and virus detection in humans; and (iii) identification of risk factors for infections of VACV in herds from several Brazilian states. A total of 471 bovine epithelial samples from dairy farms, in 15 Brazilian states, were evaluated between 2007 and 2012. The samples were tested by quantitative PCR (qPCR) using SYBR Green® reagents, validated with a lower limit of detection of 100TCID50/50µL (1.7x100 viral particles), and 45.1% of VACV positive samples were detected. Using official forms for epidemiological investigation (FORM-IN), the risk factors for VACV infections in cattle were determined to be farms with a lack of technological facilities (P= 0.029) and the presence of rodents (P= 0.001). There was an effect of seasonality in cattle with a higher occurrence of BV during the dry season. A total of 420 epidemiological questionnaires were applied at public health care centers, where 100% of the milkers had vesicular lesions on their hands (98.1%) and on their arms (6.9%). The most frequent clinical symptoms in humans were: local swelling (74.2%), headache (20.7%), fever (10.4%) and inguinal lymphadenopathy (74.2%). Only 19.98% of milkers aged between 39 and 58 years were seroreactive to VACV and were immunized with the human anti-smallpox vaccine. There was an increase in the frequency of BV in older individuals due to their natural decrease in specific immunity. It has been shown that the implementation of zootechnical management techniques and health planning are important for the prevention of BV in animals and humans.

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“…and fleas (Xenopsylla spp.). Members of the genus Echinolaelaps are known to harbour dermatitisand leptospirosis-causing pathogens (Babolin et al 2016), while members of the genus Xenopsylla are important vectors of the pathogenic bacilli, Yersinia pestis, and the agent of murine typhus, Rickettsia typhi, that are both harmful to humans and other animals (Dill et al 2013;Boyer et al 2014;McCauley et al 2015;Thomas et al 2020). Although these two genera exhibit the same life-history strategy of living on and off their hosts, their load is expected to vary with small mammal density (Perez-Orella and Schulte-Hostedde 2005) and to be lower in the protected park than in the disturbed agricultural or pastoral land (Khalil et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ectoparasite load of small mammals in the Serengeti Ecosystem: effects of land use, season, host species, age, sex and breeding status

et al. 2022

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Ectoparasite load in small mammals can be influenced by both environmental conditions and host species characteristics. However, the nature of these influences is poorly understood in many ecosystems. We used zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB) regression models with a log link function to assess variation in ectoparasite load among 19 small mammal host species across different land uses (protection in a park, pastoralism and agriculture), habitat types, seasons, age classes, sexes and breeding statuses. We collected 4258 ectoparasites from 612 individual belonging to 19 different species of small mammals. The average ectoparasite load per individual was higher in the pastoral and agricultural lands than in the National Park. Ectoparasite load varied among species and was the highest for the four common and generalist small mammal species (Aethomys sp., Arvicanthis niloticus, Mastomys natalensis, and Gerbilliscus vicinus), most notably in the disturbed pastoral and agricultural lands. It was also higher in the dry than the wet season and for adult males than adult females. These patterns partly reflect the greater mobility of small mammals in the drier conditions; in addition the large body size and home range of males increase the likelihood of encountering parasites. Human disturbance was associated with elevated ectoparasitic load among the small mammals and hence elevated risk of transmission of ectoparasites to humans. As a result, understanding the effect of habitat disturbance on ectoparasite load and its link to zoonotic disease risk should be an important conservation goal and public health priority. Moreover, effective pest control strategies should consider variation in ectoparasite load with land use, habitat type, season and species characteristics.

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Zoonosis associated to Rattus rattus and the impacts of the public actions to control the species

Cited by 5 publications

References 13 publications

Evaluation of the impact of chemical control on the ecology of Rattus norvegicus of an urban community in Salvador, Brazil

Evaluation of the impact of chemical control on the ecology of Rattus norvegicus of an urban community in Salvador, Brazil

[RETRACTED ARTICLE] Bovine Vaccinia in dairy cattle and suspicion of vesicular disease on milkers in Brazil

Ectoparasite load of small mammals in the Serengeti Ecosystem: effects of land use, season, host species, age, sex and breeding status

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