Characterization and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Escherichia coli isolated from feces of healthy broiler chickens

Abstract

RESUMO: Cepas de Escherichia coli patogênica para aves (APEC)estão isoladas das lesões de frangos com colibacilose, uma doença que causa sinais clínicos sistêmicos ou localizados. As APEC compartilham algumas características com as cepas de Escherichia coli que produzem doenças extraintestinais nos seres humanos. Ainda não há um consenso sobre a definição de patotipos das cepas de APEC, no que diz respeito à presença das características de virulência. Entretanto, nos últimos anos, foram definidos cinco indicadores mínimos para a identificação de patotipos das cepas de APEC. Os isolados de E. coli utilizados neste trabalho foram testados por meio de reação em cadeia de polimerase (PCR) para os cinco indicadores mínimos e para cvaC. Os isolados que possuíam os cinco indicadores mínimos foram definidos como potenciais cepas de APEC. As categorias APEC e não APEC apresentaram alta resistência (> 50%) à cefalotina, eritromicina, estreptomicina, sulfametoxazol mais trimetoprim, ampicilina e amoxicilina. Possíveis cepas de APEC foram significativamente mais resistentes à cefalotina (p < 0,05) e neomicina (p < 0,01) do que as cepas não-APEC. Estas foram significativamente mais resistentes à tetraciclina (p < 0,01) do que as possíveis cepas de APEC. Esses resultados demonstram que as fezes dos frangos de corte albergam cepas de E.coli com características de resistência, apresentando ou não potencialidade de causar colibacilose. Em função das características de similaridade entre APEC e doenças extraintestinais nos seres humanos, estas cepas resistentes são de interesse à saúde pública. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli patogê-nica para aves; resistência a antimicrobianos; frangos. ABSTRACT: Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC)strains are isolated from lesions of poultry presenting colibacillosis, which is a disease that causes either systemic or localized clinical signs. Such strains share many characteristics with E. coli strains that cause extra-intestinal illness in humans. There is not a consensus on how to define the APEC pathotype with regard to the presence of virulence traits. On the other hand, in the past few years, five minimal predictors for APEC detection were proposed. The E. coli isolates in this work were tested through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to the five proposed minimal predictors and cvaC. The strains presenting them were categorized as potential APEC. The APEC and non-APEC categories showed high resistance (> 50%) to cephalotin, erythromycin, streptomycin, sulphametoxazol/trimethoprim, ampicillin, and amoxicillin. Potential APEC strains were significantly more resistant to cephalotin (p < 0.05) and neomcycin (p < 0.01) than non-APEC. These latter were significantly more resistant to tetracycline (p < 0.01) than the potential APEC strains. These results demonstrate that feces of poultry present E. coli strains with resistant features, showing or not the potential of causing colibacillosis in poultry. Because APEC and extra-intestinal illness in humans may be similar, these ...

Antimicrobial Resistance in Farm Animals in Brazil: An Update Overview

“…Low resistance frequency to sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim was also reported in this study, contrasting with most data [59][60][61]66]. Among aminoglycosides, high resistance prevalence to streptomycin is widespread, but not to other drugs of this class [61][62][63]67]. Colistin and polymyxin B resistance were rarely described [59].…”

“…Similar data have been described for first-generation cephalosporins [62,63], while low resistance has been reported to second and third-generation cephalosporins [64], except for ceftiofur, despite reports of low resistance frequencies in some collections [62,65]. Resistance to tetracycline is also reported with high frequencies, usually over 70%, but with exceptions again, including 13.3% in APEC strains [61]. The same study reported a low resistance frequency to enrofloxacin (6.7%).…”

“…Regarding beta-lactams, ampicillin resistance frequency varies from around 20% [58] to over 80% [59], reaching 100% in clinical isolates [60,61]. Similar data have been described for first-generation cephalosporins [62,63], while low resistance has been reported to second and third-generation cephalosporins [64], except for ceftiofur, despite reports of low resistance frequencies in some collections [62,65].…”

Natural co-infection of Escherichia coli and Infectious bronchitis virus in broilers and layers flocks

“…In the present work it was recorded that the prevalence of isolation of E.coli reached 67.5% from the examined 200 samples showing symptoms of colisepticaemia. Almost similar percentages 67% in chickens were reported by Syuhada et al, (2013), and Stella et al, (2016) reported that From the 80 sampled birds, 48 (60%) E. coli was detected of them. While a higher incidence of 85.2% was reported by Wani et al, (2004), and Albarri et al, (2017) where it was (93.75%).…”

Antibiotic resistance and virulence factors among Escherichia coli isolates from avian organic fertilizer

“…There is not a consensus on how to define the APEC pathotype regarding its virulence traits. However, most of the authors accepted that the presence of these five genes act as minimal predictors (hlyF, iss, iroN, ompT and iutA), all of them are encoding plasmid-associated virulence factors and can indicate if an E. coli strain has a potential to cause extra-intestinal diseases in birds (JOHNSON et al, 2008, STELLA et al, 2016. According JOHNSON et al, (2007) in APEC strains the virulence and antibiotic resistance genes are often carried on the same genetic elements, plasmids like the Col V.…”