Trabalho, ser social e cuidado em saúde: abordagem a partir de Marx e Lukács

Abstract

Este artigo visa desenvolver uma análise teórica sobre o cuidado a partir de uma abordagem ontológica. Fazemos uso de categorias teóricas lukacsianas, inspiradas na teoria de Karl Marx, para delimitar o cuidado enquanto uma particularidade da práxis social, fundada pelo trabalho. Como qualquer práxis, o cuidado se move historicamente, assumindo diversas roupagens. No capitalismo, assume uma forma particular, consoante as determinações do processo de valorização, quando ocorre a sua reificação, possibilitando a "realização" da mais-valia objetivada no "trabalho morto" incorporado pela produção do cuidado, bem como a transformação dos cuidadores em possíveis fontes de extração de mais-valia e do próprio cuidado em valor. Consubstancia-se uma contradição tipicamente capitalista, porquanto o cuidado, em sua essência, corresponde à práxis particular capaz de atender necessidades de saúde, mas que passa a ser, no capitalismo, subsumido às necessidades do mercado. This paper aims to develop a theoretical analysis of care using an ontological approach. We use Lukacsian theoretical categories, inspired by Karl Marx's theory, to delimit care as a particularity of social praxis, based on work. Like any praxis, care change shapes through history under different appearances. Within capitalism, it takes a particular form, in accordance with the determinations of the process of creation of value that is concomitant with its reification, enabling the "realization" of a certain surplus value objectfied in the "dead labor", embodied by the production of care. It also allows the transformation of caregivers in possible sources of surplus value and transforming care in value. A typically capitalist contradiction is thus consolidated, since care, in its essence, corresponds to the particular practice able to meets healthcare needs, although in capitalism, it is subsumed within market needs.

Job satisfaction and dissatisfaction among family health strategy professionals in a small city of Southern Brazil

“…The data collection met all the ethical precepts recommended for research with human beings, and it was conducted after receiving authorization of the responsible groups from the health units where this study was conducted and by the Ethics Committee of the Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense -UNESC, with opinion: 1,7858 CAAE: 60309416.2.0000.0119. This was a descriptive, exploratory, qualitative study, 5 as outlined by the National Primary Health Care Policy -(PNAB Política Nacional de Atenção Basica) 1 , utilizing theoretical reflections on the health work process [6][7][8] .…”

“…The organization of the work involves the way they are divided, the roles played in the production process, and the type of management control and practices 6,7 . Even though there are divisions of work in each FHt, there is unity among its members.…”

“…When the professional is dissociated from the work he performs, he becomes part of an arrangement without interference. The consequence of this process is professional alienation and, consequently, generation of dissatisfaction, as the product of what he does is not recognized 7 .…”

The Experience of Using Project-Based Learning as an Active Methodology in the Educational Program Through Work for Health in Professional Practice Training

“…29 O cuidado em saúde será visto aqui como "prática dinâmica do ser social por intervir sobre a saúde de indivíduos e coletividade, possibilitando o cuidado da vida (p. 550)". 30 Cabe lembrar que o cuidado evolui à medida que se complexifica. O processo de trabalho, por sua vez, constitui "ação complexa envolvendo articulação entre diferentes processos, no qual cada profissional, tendo como objeto o indivíduo ou coletividade sadia ou enferma, tem por finalidade a ação terapêutica e de cuidado (p. 62)".…”

Saúde do trabalhador no contexto da estratégia de saúde da família: revisão integrativa de literatura

“…Worker's Health is a field of Collective Health, with inheritances of Occupational Health, whose main objective is to establish relationships between the health-disease processes and the work routine, based on the assumption that work is one of the organizing axes of social life and determinant of people's living and health conditions. 1,2 Interventions in Occupational Health must seek to transform productive processes, making them health promoters and not of sickness and death, and guarantee comprehensive health care for workers, considering their insertion in the productive processes. 3 One of the spaces for the development of worker's health interventions is Primary Care (PC), currently guided by the Family Health Strategy (FHS), in which multi-professional teams assume the health responsibility for a given territory, integrating surveillance actions, promoting health, disease prevention, diagnostics, curative treatments, rehabilitation, palliative care, and even harm reduction at individual and collective levels.…”