Toxicity and effect of whitening toothpastes on enamel surface

Abstract

This in vitro study evaluated the biocompatibility and abrasivity of whitening and conventional toothpastes. Samples of conventional (non-whitening)-Edel White Infant (EWI)-and whitening toothpastes-Edel White Whitening (EWW), Edel White CAREFORTE (EWC), Colgate Total 12 Ò Professional (C), and Oral-B Whitening (OB)were dissolved in culture medium (0.2 g sample weight per mL). Human gingival fibroblasts (hGF) were placed in contact with different dilutions of culture media that had been previously exposed to these toothpastes. Cytotoxicity was then assessed using the methyl tetrazolium test (MTT) and the cell survival rate was determined. Genotoxicity was assessed by the micronucleus test (MNT) and the number of micronuclei was determined before and after exposure to the toothpaste solutions. The enamel surface roughness was evaluated in specimens of bovine teeth (n = 10 per group) before and after 10,000 brushing cycles, using the investigated toothpastes. The results were statistically analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test and two-way ANOVA (p < 0.05). According to the MTT assay, EWW and OB presented significant cytotoxicity (p < 0.01), but no genotoxic (MNT) effects (p > 0.05). C toothpaste was statistically significantly abrasive to the enamel surface (p < 0.01). The findings of this study may be helpful for individualized selection of commercial toothpastes, as some whitening toothpastes present significant cytotoxicity and conventional toothpaste cause significant surface changes.

Influences of Toothbrushing and Different Toothpastes on the Surface Roughness and Color Stability of Interim Prosthodontic Materials

“…An ideal toothpaste should clean with therapeutic functions and remove extrinsic staining without causing wear on the enamel and restorations. While toothpastes help to remove stains and discolorations by reducing the biofilm and calculus deposits during toothbrushing, they can also cause undesired abrasions on the teeth and restorative materials, depending on their main components and abrasive agents [ 30 ].…”

Colour stability of stained composite resins after brushing with whitening toothpaste

“…The rising in aesthetic expectations and the dissatisfaction caused by teeth staining have led to an increase the whitening products. 18 In this study, perlite and hydrogen peroxide-containing whitening toothpastes effect on colour stability of nano-hybrid, micro-hybrid and nano-ceramic based composite restorative materials stained with coffee were investigated. Our null hypothesis presuming that whitening toothpastes would not effect the colour stability of different type of resin composites at different brushing simulation times was rejected since their perceptible whitening effect was demonstrated.…”

“…The rising in aesthetic expectations and the dissatisfaction caused by teeth staining have led to an increase the whitening products 18 . In this study, perlite and hydrogen peroxide‐containing whitening toothpastes effect on colour stability of nano‐hybrid, micro‐hybrid and nano‐ceramic based composite restorative materials stained with coffee were investigated.…”

Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of whitening toothpastes in buccal mucosal cells: a randomized controlled trial

“…In previous research the toxicity of various every day oral hygiene products and dental materials was evaluated in in vivo and in vitro conditions (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10). These research emphasized that some components in toothpastes can be potentially toxic -sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium tripolyphosphate, hydrated silica, aluminum oxide, hydroxides, sodium mono uorophosphate, silicon dioxide, sodium benzoate, preservatives, colors, avors and buffering agents.…”

“…Although there is no direct correlation between the occurrence of oral cavity cancers and any of the active ingredients in toothpastes, these ingredients cause many controversies as the research results show con icting conclusions. Some in vitro and in vivo studies showed that commercial teeth whitening agents show genotoxicity (3,(12)(13)(14)(15), some didn't show signs of genotoxicity in in vivo and in vitro conditions (10,16), while others claim the limited, biologically insigni cant genotoxic effect (4). A detailed knowledge of cytotoxic and genotoxic effect of whitening agents in commercially available whitening toothpastes can contribute to selection and recommendation of whitening toothpastes available on the market.…”