Antimicrobial action of calcium hydroxide-based endodontic sealers after setting, against E. faecalis biofilm

Abstract

Antimicrobial action of calcium hydroxide-based endodontic sealers after setting, against E. faecalis biofilm Abstract: Enterococcus faecalis are gram positive bacteria that can mostly resist endodontic therapy, inducing persistent infection in the root canal system. Endodontic sealers with antimicrobial activity may help eliminate residual microorganisms that survive endodontic treatment. The present study aimed at comparing the antimicrobial activity of Acroseal, Sealapex and AH Plus endodontic sealers in an in vitro biofilm model. Bovine dentin specimens (144) were prepared, and twelve blocks for each sealer and each experimental time point (2, 7 and 14 days) were placed and left in contact with plates containing inoculum of E. faecalis (ATCC 51299), to induce biofilm formation. After 14 days, the samples were transferred to another plate with test sealers and kept at 37°C and 5% CO 2 for 2, 7 and 14 days. The specimens without sealers were used as a control for each period. The samples were agitated in a sonicator after each experiment. The suspensions were agitated in a vortex mixer, serially diluted in saline, and triple plated onto m-Enterococcus agar. Colonyforming units were counted, and the data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA, Shapiro-Wilk and Kruskal-Wallis one-way tests (p < 0.05) to determine antimicrobial potential. Sealapex showed significant differences at all the experimental time points, in comparison with all the other groups. AH Plus and Acroseal showed antimicrobial activity only on the 14 th experimental day. Neither of the sealers tested were able to completely eliminate the biofilm. Sealapex showed the highest antimicrobial activity in all the experimental periods. The antimicrobial activity of all the sealers analyzed increased over time.

Sub-lethal doses of photodynamic therapy affect biofilm formation ability and metabolic activity of Enterococcus faecalis

“…Enterococcus faecalis, a facultative anaerobic gram-positive coccus, has an important role in persistent/secondary infection of endodontically treated teeth due to biofilm-associated resistance to common endodontic irrigants [1][2][3]. Biofilm formation in the dentinal tubules and lateral canals of teeth is considered the major virulence factor of E. faecalis contributing to endodontic infections.…”

Physical Properties, Antimicrobial Activity and In Vivo Tissue Response to Apexit Plus

“…The use of endodontic sealers with antibacterial activity has been effective in the clearance of persistent microorganisms [1] favoring periapical tissue repair [2]. Calcium hydroxide releases hydroxyl ion, providing an alkaline pH and exerting an antibacterial effect followed by periapical tissue repair [3,4].…”

“…Among several calcium hydroxide-based root canal filling materials, Sealapex (Sybron Endo, Glendora, CA, USA) is considered biocompatible [5]. This sealer contains calcium hydroxide in a polymeric matrix [1]. The base paste of this endodontic sealer contains calcium oxide, bismuth 2 of 17 trioxide, zinc oxide, sub-micron silica, zinc stearate, titanium dioxide, and tricalcium phosphate.…”

Cimento endodôntico antimicrobiano com a incorporação de vanadato de prata - análise das propriedades físicas e microbiológicas

“…Dessa forma, é desejável que os cimentos endodônticos tenham atividade antimicrobiana inerente, o que leva a um controle da população de micro-organismos no sistema de canais radiculares após sua aplicação (Slutzky-Goldberg et al, 2008;Zhang et al, 2009;Bailón-Sánchez et al, 2014;Barros et al, 2014a;Barros et al, 2014b;Al-Shwaimi et al, 2016;Camilleri, 2016;Shakya et al, 2016;Rezende et al, 2016).…”

“…Assim, pode-se encontrar na literatura estudos que avaliaram a atividade antimicrobiana de cimentos endodônticos comerciais, puros e com a incorporação de agentes antimicrobianos, frente a diversas espécies de micro-organismos, como o Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus casei e Actinomyces viscosus, utilizados para avaliar o efeito inibidor dos cimentos RoekoSeal, Endomethasone N, N2, Apexit Plus e AH Plus, incorporados com 2% de cloreto de benzalcônio e 2% de cloreto de cetilpiridínio, pelo método de difusão em ágar (Gjorgievskaa et al, 2013). Leonardo et al (2000) avaliaram o efeito inibidor de cimentos endodônticos (Sealapex, Fill Canal, Ketac Endo, AH Plus), pelo método de difusão em ágar, frente a sete espécies de micro-organismos, sendo cinco Gram-positivos: No entanto, a maioria dos estudos encontrados na literatura avaliaram o efeito antimicrobiano de cimentos endodônticos frente a Enterococcus faecalis (Rezende et al, 2016;Shakya et al, 2016;Wu et al, 2016;Vanapatla et al, 2016;Carpio-Perochena et al, 2015;Wang;Haapasalo, 2014;Baer;Maki, 2010;Hiraishi et al, 2009;Zhang et al, 2009;Slutzky-Goldberg et al, 2008;Hoelscher;Bahcall;Maki, 2006;Çobankara et al, 2004;Mickel;Nguyen;Chogle, 2003), uma vez que há relatos que esse micro-organismo é o mais prevalente em canais infectados e em casos de retratamentos; sua prevalência varia de 24% a 77% (Al-Shwaimi et al, 2016).…”