Medium modification with bone morphogenetic protein 2 addition for odontogenic differentiation

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether medium modification improves the odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) in vitro and in vivo. DPSC isolated from human impacted third molar teeth were analysed for clusters of differentiation with flow cytometry. Odontogenic differentiation was stimulated by medium modification with the addition of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2). The expression of dentin sialophosphoprotein, dentin matrix protein 1, enamelysin/matrix metalloproteinase 20 and the phosphate-regulating gene with homologies to endopeptidases on the X chromosome of the cells were analysed with RT-PCR at 7, 14 and 21 days. Then, DPSC were transplanted on the back of immunocompromised mice via a hydroxyapatite tricalcium phosphate scaffold, and the structure of the formed tissue was investigated. The cells were identified as mesenchymal stem cells with a 98.3% CD73 and CD90 double-positive cell rate. The increase in mineralization capacity and expression of human enamel-dentin specific transcripts proportional to the culture period were determined after differentiation. Six weeks after transplantation, an osteo-dentin matrix was formed in the group in which odontogenic differentiation was stimulated, and the odontogenic characteristics of the matrix were confirmed by histological examination and RT-PCR analysis. Odontogenic differentiation of the isolated and characterized human DPSC was improved with medium modification by the addition of BMP2 in vitro and in vivo. The defined medium and applied technique have a potential use for forming reparative dentin in the future, but the effects of the method should be investigated in long-term studies.

Effect of Ascorbic Acid on Differentiation, Secretome and Stemness of Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Tooth (SHEDs)

“…We observed that the SHEDs could exhibit tri-lineage differentiation. These results are congruent with the ideal culture conditions of MSCs as demonstrated by the positive expression of surface markers, the constant potential for proliferation, proper telomerase activity, and the persistent aptitude to differentiate into particular lineages [1,16,23].…”

“…Among the various sources of MSCs, the dental pulp is anticipated to be an almost ideal source of multipotent MSCs, which can be utilized in areas of clinical research, including regenerative dentistry, repair of orthopedic injuries, and treatment of degenerative neural disorders [ 20 , 21 ]. The advantages of dental pulp stem cells include convenient isolation, minimal ethical consideration, and negligible immunogenic reactions permitting allogeneic cell transplantation [ 22 , 23 , 24 ]. New MSCs-like cell populations are being acquired from different dental and oral tissues, such as human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED).…”

Assessment of Dental Pulp Stem Cell (DPSC) Biomarkers Following Induction with Bone Morphogenic Protein 2 (BMP-2)

“…Moreover, these changes were associated with sDT DPSC isolates not expressing multiple MSC biomarkers, but rather one specific MSC marker These data appear to confirm other experimental evidence that BMP-2 may exhibit the potential to induce ALP expression among some DPSC isolates [5,32]. However, there is a lack of experimental and observational evidence to evaluate the specific phenotypes and biomarkers associated with DPSC responsiveness studies have compared the effects of BMP DPSC differentiation, and MSC biomarkers [33].…”

Alcohol-induced suppression of KDM6B dysregulates the mineralization potential in dental pulp stem cells

“…DPSCs had the ability to differentiate toward both odontogenic and osteogenic lineages in presence of a carboxymethyl cellulose-hydroxyapatite hybrid hydrogel [16]. Furthermore, medium modification with bone morphogenetic protein 2 was shown to stimulate odontogenic differentiation and formation of an osteo-dentin matrix [17]. Although DPSCs have been long studied for their regenerative capabilities in both dentistry and orthopedics, the molecular mechanisms controlling their stem cell potency have yet to be discovered.…”