Antimicrobial activity of mouth rinses against bacteria that initially colonizes dental’s surface

Abstract

Introduction Much advertising in mouthwash is conveyed in all media appealing to the anti-plaque effect and rendering a disservice to the community. Mouth rinses are available over-the-count and differ on their compositions and antimicrobial effectiveness. Objective In this study, we evaluated the antimicrobial activity of 35 widely available mouth rinses against bacterial species involved in initiation of dental biofilm – Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus salivarius, and Streptococcus sanguinis. Material and method The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of the evaluated mouth rinses were determined according to the Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute protocols. Data were submitted to Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney post hoc (α=0.05). Result About 70% of the mouth rinses achieved high antibacterial activity and 30%, a low antibacterial activity against all the species tested. The most ineffective mouth rinse showed antibacterial activity (MIC) at 1:1 dilution, while the most effective showed activity even at 1:2048 dilution, which may imply prolonged effect in the mouth. About 51% of mouth rinses showed bactericidal activity, and it was verified that cetylpyridinium chloride or chlorhexidine digluconate containing in the formulation were associated with the highest activity. Conclusion Most - but not all - mouth rinses commercially available are effective in inhibiting in vitro initial colonizers of dental surfaces.

The Antibacterial Effect of Pomegranate Peel and Guava Leave Extract Mouthwash on Oral Streptococcus Mutans in Scholar Students: A Controlled Clinical Study

“…Tooth decay is a chronic contagious disease that resulted because of bacterial colonization on hard tooth structures and although the great efforts exerted worldwide to reduction its incidence, its prevalence is still rise (11,12) . Mouth rises are considered a remarkable agent to minimize oral bacterial colonization along with the frequent mechanical methods (13) .…”

Antibacterial Effect of Nutmeg Extract on Cariogenic Microflora in a Group of Egyptian Children

“…Therefore, effective mouth rinses can be used as adjunctive chemical approach for plaque control (6) . Effective mouth rinses should have enough strength to change the oral microbiota via eliminating the harmful bacteria selectively without adversely affecting the commensals microorganisms (3,7) .…”

Real-Time Analysis of Antiproliferative Effects of Mouthwashes Containing Alcohol, Sodium Fluoride, Cetylpyridinium Chloride, and Chlorhexidine In Vitro

“…The quantity and diversity of chemical agents in mouthwashes are considerable, but many have antiseptic or antimicrobial effects, and their efficacy is highly variable [4]. Ideally, these types of substances should be biocompatible to tooth and oral tissues, reduce plaque formation and block the activity of microorganisms without altering the ratio between gram-positive and gram-negative anaerobic bacteria [5,6].…”

“…Ideally, these types of substances should be biocompatible to tooth and oral tissues, reduce plaque formation and block the activity of microorganisms without altering the ratio between gram-positive and gram-negative anaerobic bacteria [5,6]. The formulations based on antimicrobial agents provide noticeably greater preventive effect than the remedial effect on established plaque [4]. Since oral health contributes to total health, the maintenance of healthy oral soft and hard tissues is the most important aim of modern dentistry [7].…”