Congruencia programática en el Cono Sur. Argentina, Chile y Uruguay en perspectiva comparada

Abstract

Los sistemas de partidos institucionalizados pueden convivir con una alta incongruencia programática entre élite y ciudadanía. Por el contrario, sistemas de partidos menos institucionalizados podrían estar en la posición de generar una mayor congruencia programática. Analizamos esta aparente anomalía en el Cono Sur de América Latina, comparando Argentina, Chile y Uruguay. Metodológicamente, utilizamos tres medidas de congruencia: promedios, comparación de distribuciones ( many to many ), distancia entre los votantes y un representante típico ( many to one ). Sobre esta última medida diseñamos modelos de regresión múltiple para identificar las variables que predicen mayor congruencia. Concluimos que en sistemas estables las preferencias electorales se mantienen a pesar de la distancia entre élite y votantes en algunos ejes de competencia, siendo Uruguay el caso más representativo.

Can Argentines Be Programmatic Voters? Assessing the Influence of Policy Preferences in Argentine Coalitions Using the Propensities to Vote

“…Within political congruence studies, previous research has revealed a strong level of 'elite-mass policy congruence' in Argentina Warner 2017, Herrera andMorales 2018). Herrera and Morales (2018) found that, despite having a less institutionalized party system, Argentina has higher levels of programmatic congruence than Chile and Uruguay, in at least two of the policy dimensions that structure political competence.…”

“…Herrera and Morales (2018) found that, despite having a less institutionalized party system, Argentina has higher levels of programmatic congruence than Chile and Uruguay, in at least two of the policy dimensions that structure political competence. This could be explained by the fact that Argentina has a proportional electoral system which, from an institutional perspective, generates incentives for fragmentation and for searching for programmatic spaces by leaders and parties (Herrera & Morales 2018).…”

“…Although a rich body of literature has considered policy preferences voting since the seminal study of Downs (1957), research on Argentina has not being sufficiently sensitive to these approaches, except for a few notable cross-country works mainly focused on Latin American political congruence that include the Argentine case (Luna & Zechmeister 2005;Herrera & Morales 2018) or studies that analyse the dimensional nature of citizen attitudes and party choice for particular elections (Alessandro 2009;Cataife 2011;Schiumerini 2019;Sendra 2022). Schiumerini (2019) pointed out that in cases where the electorate largely agrees on the parameters of the policy regime, voting based on performance assessments indicates lower reliance on valence issues and higher reliance on positional issues.…”

Partidos políticos versus presidentes. Un análisis de la congruencia ideológica en América Latina

“…This simple question has generated many academic debates in the last few years. The most recent studies carried out on the congruence between citizens and representatives have presented different patterns of ideological and programmatic congruence across countries or between parties and voters (Rodríguez 2017;Herrera and Morales 2018), largely due to the use of different methodological approaches (Lupu et al 2017). Nevertheless, the discussion on political congruence has been limited to the legislative power.…”