Os “Hidronegócios” nos rios da Amazônia

Abstract

RESUMO O artigo discute a história dos rios amazônicos como lugares de “hidronegócios”, analisando as fontes e a produção historiográfica sobre os registros de usos e representações das águas, bem como os processos de apropriação dos rios no contexto do planejamento do desenvolvimento regional entre 1950 e 1985, norteado pelas ideias de progresso e crescimento econômico. As fontes utilizadas, discursos, legislações, planos e relatórios de governo e o diálogo com bibliografias clássicas e contemporâneas sobre diversos aspectos das interações entre rios e sociedades humanas demonstram que os rios amazônicos desempenharam papel central na ocupação do território, na circulação de pessoas, ideias e mercadorias e na subsunção da água como força motriz de operações industriais e urbanas, em especial dos grandes projetos mínero-metalúrgicos. As águas foram ressignificadas em quilowatts e commodities, secundarizando as relações mantidas pelas comunidades com os rios.

Hydroelectric Dams From Madeira River Seasonally Impacts the Fisheries Production in the Guaporé Basin (Rondônia, Brazil)

“…The vast Amazon Basin possesses areas that are suitable for the construction of hydroelectric plants and fishery activity (Almeida et al, 2019). However, the inadequate use of these flooded areas can cause irreversible socio-environmental damage (Batista and Miranda, 2019), such as when the main channels of the great rivers are dammed for the production of electricity (Doria et al, 2018;Almeida et al, 2020) or when their tributaries are impeded for the practice of fish farming, which, as a result, causes fragmentation and loss of aquatic habitats (Almeida, 2006;Agostinho et al, 2007).…”

“…The geographical space, the physico-chemical characteristics and the seasonal variation of the Amazon Basin influence the hydrological behavior of its tributaries (Bernardi et al, 2012). These factors, added to anthropogenic actions, can cause imbalances in fish stocks (Torrente-Vilara and Doria, 2012) and therefore cause environmental and economic losses throughout the fish production chain, whether for subsistence or commercialization (Batista and Miranda, 2019).…”

“…However, there are many factors that negatively affect the Amazon region, such as deforestation, which affects up to 20% of the entire forest area. As a result, climate change (Espinoza et al, 2009), mining (Val et al, 2016), the unrestrained installation of dams for fish farming (Almeida, 2006) and the implementation of hydroelectric plants, all affect the river corridors of the Amazon River (Doria et al, 2018;Batista and Miranda, 2019) and seasonal dynamics (Timpe and Kaplan, 2017), thus inhibiting nutrient cycling and rheophilic fish routes (Andrade et al, 2012;Harris et al, 2016;Torrente-Vilara et al, 2018).…”