Coronavirus: a clinical update of Covid-19

Cespedes, Mateus da Silveira; Souza, José Carlos

doi:10.1590/1806-9282.66.2.116

Cited by 23 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Since December 2019, the world has been surprised by the appearance, in China, of a severe pneumonia caused by a new type of coronavirus, an infection that spread rapidly throughout countries, being considered a pandemic three months later; the disease received the name coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). 1 , 2 As in adults, but less frequently, children with comorbidities – chronic kidney and lung diseases, malignancies, diabetes, obesity, sickle cell anemia, immune disorders, chromosomal abnormalities, heart disease, and congenital malformations – are more likely to develop severe conditions from COVID-19. 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 The present review aims to identify the factors that contribute to the increase in the susceptibility and severity of COVID-19 in obese children and adolescents, and its health consequences, to collaborate for better clinical care of these patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 and obesity in childhood and adolescence: a clinical review

Nogueira‐de‐Almeida

Ciampo

Ferraz

et al. 2020

Jornal de Pediatria

152

120

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Objective To identify factors that contribute to the increased susceptibility and severity of COVID-19 in obese children and adolescents, and its health consequences. Sources Studies published between 2000 and 2020 in the PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, SciELO, and Cochrane databases. Summary of findings Obesity is a highly prevalent comorbidity in severe cases of COVID-19 in children and adolescents; social isolation may lead to increase fat accumulation. Excessive adipose tissue, deficit in lean mass, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension, high levels of proinflammatory cytokines, and low intake of essential nutrients are factors that compromise the functioning of organs and systems in obese individuals. These factors are associated with damage to immune, cardiovascular, respiratory, and urinary systems, along with modification of the intestinal microbiota (dysbiosis). In severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, these organic changes from obesity may increase the need for ventilatory assistance, risk of thromboembolism, reduced glomerular filtration rate, changes in the innate and adaptive immune response, and perpetuation of the chronic inflammatory response. Conclusions The need for social isolation can have the effect of causing or worsening obesity and its comorbidities, and pediatricians need to be aware of this issue. Facing children with suspected or confirmed COVID-19, health professionals should 1) diagnose excess weight; 2) advise on health care in times of isolation; 3) screen for comorbidities, ensuring that treatment is not interrupted; 4) measure levels of immunonutrients; 5) guide the family in understanding the specifics of the situation; and 6) refer to units qualified to care for obese children and adolescents when necessary.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 and obesity in childhood and adolescence: a clinical review

Nogueira‐de‐Almeida

Ciampo

Ferraz

et al. 2020

Jornal de Pediatria

152

120

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“…Foi relatado que os coronavírus, incluindo Sars-CoV-2, têm seu mecanismo de infecção por ligação à proteína ACE2 (enzima conversora de angiotensina 2). Notavelmente, a ACE2 está abundantemente presente nos humanos nos epitélios do pulmão e intestino delgado, desta forma, o vírus pode infectar o trato respiratório e gastrointestinal superior dos mamíferos (Cespedes, 2020).…”

Section: Fisiopatologia Da Covid-19unclassified

Aspectos gerais da COVID-19 na saúde de gestantes e recém-nascidos: Uma breve revisão

Guedes¹,

Nascimento

Melo

et al. 2020

RSD

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The SARS-CoV-2 infection started in Wuhan / China in December 2019, spreading rapidly across Europe, the United States and Latin America, becoming a pandemic. COVID-19 is an acute disease with symptoms similar to those of a cold and can evolve to symptoms similar to severe pneumonia, its transmission happens through close contact, through droplets of saliva or particles that contain the virus. The present work aims to carry out an integrative literature review containing the main information about the impact of COVID-19 on the health of newborns and pregnant women. In order to develop it, a narrative review of the scientific literature was carried out, through an electronic search in the MEDLINE, SciELO, PubMed and LILACS databases. The WHO has advocated social isolation, however prenatal care should not be suspended during the pandemic period, noting the importance of taking care of yourself and the baby during pregnancy. Preventive measures, especially hygiene, must be adopted during all baby care. Some studies suggest that SARS-CoV-2 transmission from mother to child during pregnancy is unlikely, but that after birth, a newborn can become infected when exposed to an infected person. In addition, there have been some reported adversities, such as premature birth in babies born to mothers who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. It can be concluded that more studies are needed to elucidate the characteristics of Sars-Cov-2 infection, especially in newborns, while the ideal is to maintain confidence in science and follow the recommendations recommended by WHO.

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“…The epidemiological definition of R 0 is the average number of people who contract a disease from a contagious person. It applies specifically to a population of people who were previously free of infection and were not vaccinated [ 51 ]. Existing surveillance systems use data that are subject to significant measurement error and other contaminants [ 52 , 53 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Panel Estimate–Based Health Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Rates to Inform Public Health Policy: Model Development and Validation

Oehmke¹,

Oehmke²,

Singh³

et al. 2020

J Med Internet Res

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Background SARS-CoV-2, the novel coronavirus that causes COVID-19, is a global pandemic with higher mortality and morbidity than any other virus in the last 100 years. Without public health surveillance, policy makers cannot know where and how the disease is accelerating, decelerating, and shifting. Unfortunately, existing models of COVID-19 contagion rely on parameters such as the basic reproduction number and use static statistical methods that do not capture all the relevant dynamics needed for surveillance. Existing surveillance methods use data that are subject to significant measurement error and other contaminants. Objective The aim of this study is to provide a proof of concept of the creation of surveillance metrics that correct for measurement error and data contamination to determine when it is safe to ease pandemic restrictions. We applied state-of-the-art statistical modeling to existing internet data to derive the best available estimates of the state-level dynamics of COVID-19 infection in the United States. Methods Dynamic panel data (DPD) models were estimated with the Arellano-Bond estimator using the generalized method of moments. This statistical technique enables control of various deficiencies in a data set. The validity of the model and statistical technique was tested. Results A Wald chi-square test of the explanatory power of the statistical approach indicated that it is valid (χ210=1489.84, P<.001), and a Sargan chi-square test indicated that the model identification is valid (χ2946=935.52, P=.59). The 7-day persistence rate for the week of June 27 to July 3 was 0.5188 (P<.001), meaning that every 10,000 new cases in the prior week were associated with 5188 cases 7 days later. For the week of July 4 to 10, the 7-day persistence rate increased by 0.2691 (P=.003), indicating that every 10,000 new cases in the prior week were associated with 7879 new cases 7 days later. Applied to the reported number of cases, these results indicate an increase of almost 100 additional new cases per day per state for the week of July 4-10. This signifies an increase in the reproduction parameter in the contagion models and corroborates the hypothesis that economic reopening without applying best public health practices is associated with a resurgence of the pandemic. Conclusions DPD models successfully correct for measurement error and data contamination and are useful to derive surveillance metrics. The opening of America involves two certainties: the country will be COVID-19–free only when there is an effective vaccine, and the “social” end of the pandemic will occur before the “medical” end. Therefore, improved surveillance metrics are needed to inform leaders of how to open sections of the United States more safely. DPD models can inform this reopening in combination with the extraction of COVID-19 data from existing websites.

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Coronavirus: a clinical update of Covid-19

Cited by 23 publications

References 3 publications

COVID-19 and obesity in childhood and adolescence: a clinical review

COVID-19 and obesity in childhood and adolescence: a clinical review

Aspectos gerais da COVID-19 na saúde de gestantes e recém-nascidos: Uma breve revisão

Dynamic Panel Estimate–Based Health Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Rates to Inform Public Health Policy: Model Development and Validation

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