Targeting personalized medicine in a non-Hodgkin lymphoma patient with 18F-FDG and 18F-choline PET/CT

Metabolic Biomarkers in B-Cell Lymphomas for Early Diagnosis and Prediction, as Well as Their Influence on Prognosis and Treatment

“…On the other hand, the initial images obtained from MRS investigations pointed out that the aberrant metabolism of choline may be detected in non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) and central nervous system lymphoma (CNSL) human and animal models. The images obtained from positron emission tomography (PET-CT) using choline biomarkers has recently emerged as a viable method for presenting and monitoring the response occurring after therapy in such patients who are suffering from lymphoid malignant tumors, with greater specificity and sensitivity for CNSL and multiple myeloma (MM) than the commonly employed sugar (glucose) uptake [ 49 ].…”

ChoK-Full of Potential: Choline Kinase in B Cell and T Cell Malignancies

“…More recently, PET/CT imaging studies with [ 11 C]-choline or [ 18 F]-fluorocholine have allowed the detection of DLBCL and Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) in patients with recurrent prostate cancer [ 28 , 44 , 45 ]. PET/CT imaging with [ 11 C]-choline or [ 18 F]-fluorocholine has actually become a useful tool for staging and assessment of therapeutic response in patients with NHL, MM and CNSL, and has demonstrated much higher sensitivity and specificity for MM and CNSL than the widely used [ 18 F]-FDG [ 27 , 29 , 30 , 31 ]. However, the specificity of choline tracers is not absolute, as [ 11 C]-choline or [ 18 F]-fluorocholine is also accumulated in tissues with sterile inflammation and bacterial/viral infections [ 2 , 5 , 46 ].…”

“…In vivo administration of RSM932A or MN58B substantially decreases the spleen size, partially reduces the percentage and drastically decreases the numbers of splenic B cells in B- Traf3 −/− mice but not in littermate control mice, suggesting that elevated Chkα-mediated P-Cho and PC biosynthesis contributes to the prolonged survival of Traf3 −/− B cells in vivo [ 59 ]. Furthermore, therapies that effectively control tumor progression such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy (rituximab, CHOP, R-CHOP or AZD3965) also dramatically reduce choline metabolism and decrease CHKα activity in patients, cell lines and animal models of B cell malignancies [ 21 , 27 , 30 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 77 ]. These findings obtained from B cell malignancies corroborate the evidence that inhibition of choline metabolism by CHKα inhibitors or genetic silencing of CHKα by siRNA has therapeutic effects in solid tumor models [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 15 ].…”

“…Radiolabeled choline tracers are particularly useful for diagnostic imaging of brain tumors, prostate cancer, lung cancer, esophageal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma, in which the commonly used glucose tracer [ 18 F]-2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG) lacks specificity or sensitivity [ 2 , 5 ]. Interestingly, both MRS imaging of tCho and PET/CT imaging with [ 11 C]-choline or [ 18 F]-fluorocholine tracers have also been clinically applied for the diagnosis of lymphoid malignancies, including non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), multiple myeloma (MM) and central nervous system lymphoma (CNSL) [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ]. However, in contrast to the well-documented oncogenic alterations and pathways that cause CHKα overexpression in solid tumors, information on how choline kinase is dysregulated in lymphoid malignancies is very limited and has just begun to be unraveled.…”

18F-Labeled magnetic nanovectors for bimodal cellular imaging

“…23,24,[26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] Fluor-18 is the most frequently applied radionuclide in diagnosis due to its favorable decay properties with a half-life of 109.8 min and low β +energy and should also be suitable for the labeling of NPs. 30,[34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41] The common strategies for producing radioactively labeled nanoparticles include either the labeling of the particle core or of the particle shell. For example, the core of iron oxide nanoparticles can be radioactively labeled by the nuclear reaction of 58 Fe(n,γ) 59 Fe; however, due to the natural isotopic distribution of iron (91.72% 56 Fe, 2.2% 57 Fe and 0.28% 58 Fe), the labeling yield is very low, and the irradiation times are very long.…”