Static and dynamic performance of direct hybrid connections of cross-laminated timber with steel, concrete and laminated strand lumber composites

Abstract

Hybrid multistory buildings are every day more common in the construction industry. However, there is little understanding of the performance of the hybrid connections. In this research, the static and dynamic response of cross-laminated timber (CLT) composites combined with reinforced concrete (RC), hollow steel profiles and laminated strand lumber (LSL) has been investigated. In addition, the effects of posttensioning stresses as well as distinct types of connectors such as nails, self-tapping screws and self-tapping dowels has been accounted for. After experimental work, numerical modelling for simulating the static and dynamic behavior for these hybrid connections was also investigated. Results indicate that such massive timber composite connections behave reasonably similar to conventional timber connections, except in that inelastic deformations may increase up to 200%. In addition, it has been found that existing hysteretic models like the modified Stewart hysteretic model (MSTEW) fit for modelling purposes except that very asymmetric hysteretic behavior can be found for timber-concrete hybrid connections.

Seismic behavior of innovative hybrid CLT-steel shear wall for mid-rise buildings

“…It must be clear that the CLT-LSLs connections are with self-tapping screws, the CLT-LSLn connections with annular ring nails, and the CLT-LSLd joints with dowels. The CLT-steel connection using steel selfdrilling dowels as connectors gave the highest stiffness and ductility results, Carrero et al (2020), in comparison to the other connections tested. Full details of the hybrid CLT-steel connection design are presented in previous research (Carrero et al 2020).…”

“…The CLT-steel connection using steel selfdrilling dowels as connectors gave the highest stiffness and ductility results, Carrero et al (2020), in comparison to the other connections tested. Full details of the hybrid CLT-steel connection design are presented in previous research (Carrero et al 2020). Characteristic values of strength and elastic properties in N/mm 2 and density in kg/m 3 for CLT comprising timber layers derived from the properties of the timber laminations can be found in Brandner et al (2018).…”

“…In the first phase of this research project, hybrid unions are defined to obtain behaviors related to each corresponding effect. For more information and details see Carrero et al (2020). The connection that best behaved at different damage states such as the pinching effect, stiffness degradation and strength degradation, was the CLT-Steel connection shown in Fig.…”

“…2. All the information regarding the CLT grade C24 according to the European Committee for Standardization (2016) and its manufacture see in Carrero et al (2020). It is important to know that different types of specimens were manufactured to test, including combinations of CLT with reinforced concrete (CLT-RCwo) and with post-tensioned concrete (CLT-RCw), CLT with hollow structural steel profiles (CLT-steel) and CLT with wood.…”

“…The influence of the connections is of vital importance in the structural behavior of a timber building. Therefore, the essential requirement for increased ductility of CLT construction (and therefore greater value of the reduction R-factor) is the use of dissipative connectors for shear walls (Carrero et al 2020). A number of studies have been carried out to determine the response reduction factors (Estrella et al 2019, Amini et al 2018, Dechent et al 2016.…”