Association between eating habits, body mass index, cardiorespiratory fitness, and cardiometabolic risk factors in children

Abstract

Objective To verify the multivariate relationships between eating habits, cardiorespiratory fitness, body mass index, and cardiometabolic risk factors in children. Methods This is a cross-sectional study developed in a public elementary school with 60 first- to sixth-graders. Their eating habits were assessed using the Food Frequency Survey, weight, height, and cardiorespiratory fitness, assessed according to the Projeto Esporte Brasil protocol. Moreover, the variables, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, glucose, insulin, C-reactive protein, adiponectin, leptin, diastolic and systolic blood pressure were evaluated. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis and generalized estimation equations were used for the analysis of direct and indirect relations, in a multivariate analysis model with several simultaneous outcomes. Results It appears that the eating habits and cardiorespiratory fitness explain 20% of the body mass index. Cardiometabolic risk factors are explained by the relationship between eating habits, cardiorespiratory fitness, and body mass index, according to the following percentages: 29% (systolic blood pressure), 18% (diastolic blood pressure), 63% (leptin), 4% (adiponectin), 14% (C-reactive protein), 17% (insulin), 10% (high-density lipoprotein), 1% (low-density lipoprotein), 4% (glucose). It is also observed that the effects of the eating habits on cardiometabolic risk factors are indirect, that is, they are dependent on changes in the body mass index and cardiorespiratory fitness levels. Conclusions The relationship between eating habits and cardiometabolic risk factors in children is dependent on cardiorespiratory fitness and body mass index. Thus, our findings suggest a multivariate relationship between these factors.

Clusters of obesogenic behaviors and metabolic risk according to somatic maturity status among adolescents

“…In this regard, it is well established that more active adolescents are less likely to present an elevated metabolic risk than their less active peers (Silva et al, 2018). Likewise, healthy food intake profiles have been associated with a lower risk for negative health outcomes (de Sá Lustosa et al, 2019; dos Santos Duarte Junior et al, 2021; Ruiz et al, 2020). Furthermore, considering that adolescents can simultaneously present positive and negative behaviors (e.g., low physical activity plus healthy diet or high sedentary behavior plus high physical activity), recent studies have sought to analyze how the clusters of obesogenic behaviors appear within populations, as well as the association of these clusters with health outcomes (de Mello et al, 2021; dos Santos Duarte Junior et al, 2021; Fan & Zhang, 2021; Gil‐Campos et al, 2021; Matias et al, 2018).…”

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