Comparative gender peptidomics of Bothrops atrox venoms: are there differences between them?

Abstract

Background: Bothrops atrox is known to be the pit viper responsible for most snakebites and human fatalities in the Amazon region. It can be found in a wide geographical area including northern South America, the east of Andes and the Amazon basin. Possibly, due to its wide distribution and generalist feeding, intraspecific venom variation was reported by previous proteomics studies. Sex-based and ontogenetic variations on venom compositions of Bothrops snakes were also subject of proteomic and peptidomic analysis. However, the venom peptidome of B. atrox remains unknown. Methods: We conducted a mass spectrometry-based analysis of the venom peptides of individual male and female specimens combining bottom-up and top-down approaches. Results: We identified in B. atrox a total of 105 native peptides in the mass range of 0.4 to 13.9 kDa. Quantitative analysis showed that phospholipase A 2 and bradykinin potentiating peptides were the most abundant peptide families in both genders, whereas disintegrin levels were significantly increased in the venoms of females. Known peptides processed at non-canonical sites and new peptides as the Ba1a, which contains the SVMP BATXSVMPII1 catalytic site, were also revealed in this work. Conclusion: The venom peptidomes of male and female specimens of B. atrox were analyzed by mass spectrometry-based approaches in this work. The study points to differences in disintegrin levels in the venoms of females that may result in distinct pathophysiology of envenomation. Further research is required to explore the potential biological implications of this finding.

ArtinM Cytotoxicity in B Cells Derived from Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Depends on Syk and Src Family Kinases

“…Label-free quantification (LFQ) was performed using Progenesis QI for proteomics (Nonlinear Dynamics), as previously reported [ 100 , 101 ]. Briefly, the raw files were loaded into the software, and the peaks were aligned based on the precursor ion retention time of the reference run, which was automatically selected.…”

Multiomics Profiling of Toxins in the Venom of the Amazonian Spider Acanthoscurria juruenicola

“…The LC-HDMS E experiments in the DIA mode for proteomics or peptidomics were performed on a SYNAPT G2 mass spectrometer (Waters) coupled to a nanoAcquity UPLC system (Waters). , Approximately 220 ng of peptide sample (5 μL) was loaded online on a Symmetry C18 trapping column (5 μm particles, 180 μm × 20 mm length; Waters) for 5 min at a flow rate of 8 μL/min of phase A (0.1% formic acid). The trapped peptides were subsequently separated by elution with a gradient of 7–35% of phase B (0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile) through a BEH 130 C18 column (1.7 μm particles, 75 mm × 150 mm; Waters) over 90 min at 275 nL/min.…”

“…Omics strategies based on transcriptomics, proteomics, and bioinformatics have the potential to reveal the identities of venom toxins in a large scale ,,− and allow inferences on their relevance in a biological context. Data-dependent acquisition (DDA) and data-independent acquisition (DIA) mass spectrometry have been used for relative quantification of venom toxins in proteomics and peptidomics experiments. ,, In this work, we performed a multiomics investigation of the A. juruenicola venom to explore its toxin repertoire and performed relative quantification of toxins in female and male specimens by DDA and DIA mass spectrometry-based proteomics.…”