Effects of dodecacalcium hepta-aluminate content on the setting time, compressive strength, alkalinity, and cytocompatibility of tricalcium silicate cement

Abstract

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the effects of dodecacalcium hepta-aluminate (C12A7) content on some physicochemical properties and cytocompatibility of tricalcium silicate (C3S) cement using human dental pulp cells (hDPCs).Material and MethodsHigh purity C3S cement was manufactured by a solid phase method. C12A7 was mixed with the cement in proportions of 0, 5, 8, and 10 wt% (C12A7-0, −5, −8, and −10, respectively). Physicochemical properties including initial setting time, compressive strength, and alkalinity were evaluated. Cytocompatibility was assessed with cell viability tests and cell number counts. Statistical analysis was performed by using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test (p<0.05).ResultsThe initial setting time of C3S-based cement was shorter in the presence of C12A7 (p<0.05). After 1 day, C12A7-5 showed significantly higher compressive strength than the other groups (p<0.05). After 7 days, the compressive strength of C12A7-5 was similar to that of C12A7-0, whereas other groups showed strength lower than C12A7-0. The pH values of all tested groups showed no significant differences after 1 day (p>0.05). The C12A7-5 group showed similar cell viability to the C12A7-0 group (p>0.05), while the other experimental groups showed lower values compared to C12A7-0 group (p<0.05). The number of cells grown on the C12A7-5 specimen was higher than that on C12A7-8 and −10 (p<0.05).ConclusionsThe addition of C12A7 to C3S cement at a proportion of 5% resulted in rapid initial setting time and higher compressive strength with no adverse effects on cytocompatibility.

Effects of barium titanate on the dielectric constant, radiopacity, and biological properties of tricalcium silicate-based bioceramics

“…In this study, we manufactured a C3S-based cement containing BT of various proportions (0, 20, 40, and 60 wt%) to evaluate the effects of BT content on dielectricity, radiopacity, and the cytocompatibility on hDPCs and the facilitation of bone formation on rat mandible. Notably, as a base material, C3S was manufactured in the same way as a previous study 18) to exclude impurities and the effects thereof. Furthermore, C3S/BT composite mixtures were fabricated for testing as disc-shaped specimens through ball milling and heat treatment.…”

“…Of the cell types in teeth, hDPCs have been widely used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of dental bioceramic materials [27][28][29] . In addition, the susceptibility to toxicity might be different between human-derived and animal-derived cells 18,[30][31][32] . In this study, both the MTT assay and cell counting were done to obtain a complementary understanding of cytocompatibility.…”

“…C3S powder was produced following the methods of a previous study 18) . Briefly, calcium carbonate (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) and silicon dioxide (Junsei Chemical, Kyoto, Japan) were mixed in a 3:1 molar ratio and stirred by ball-milling for 1 h in ethanol.…”

Calcium silicate and calcium aluminate cements for dentistry reviewed

“…All publications show they meet the ISO 9917-1 or the lower ISO 3107 requirements. [112][113][114][115] The compressive strength requirement for a "base" material in ISO 3107 is 5 MPa, and 50 MPa in ISO 9917-1, a discrepancy which has not been resolved by the ISO committees. The reported strengths or the same product (ProRoot MTA) vary from 40 to 75 MPa after 28 days.…”

Evaluating the Effect of Tideglusib-Loaded Bioactive Glass Nanoparticles as a Potential Dentine Regenerative Material

“…After setting, the specimens were inserted into 10 mL of deionized water. A pH meter (AP-1PLUS, Susima, Chennai, India) was used to measure the pH at 0, 1, 2, 3, and 24 h [23].…”