Immunohistological study of the effect of vascular Endothelial Growth Factor on the angiogenesis of mature root canals in rat molars

Abstract

Tissue bioengineering has been applied to Endodontics to seek a more biological treatment. The presence of blood vessels is crucial for cell nutrition during tissue formation.ObjectiveThis study analysed the application of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the angiogenesis of mature root canals.Material and methodsUpper first molars of twelve 13-week old Wistar male rats were used. The root pulp of the mesiobuccal canal was removed and the root canal instrumented with K-files up to size #25. Periapical bleeding was induced into the root canal by introducing a #15 K-file beyond the apex. The teeth on the right side of the arch were filled up with blood clot (G1), whereas those on the left side were filled up with blood clot plus 50 ng/ml of VEGF (G2). Teeth were sealed with light-curing glass-ionomer cement and the animals were sacrificed after 60 days. The maxilla was dissected and fixed before obtaining serial sections for histological processing with haematoxylin-eosin (HE) and immunohistochemical factor-VIII. Immunohistochemical labelling was evaluated using scores for statistical analysis.ResultsImmunohistological analysis demonstrated the presence of angiogenesis in both groups, but with higher angiogenic maturation in G2 during the experimental period (p<0.05). HE staining showed connective tissue with absence of odontoblasts in all specimens.ConclusionsIt can be concluded that it is possible to obtain angiogenesis in mature root canals with or without the use of VEGF, although the latter tends to accelerate blood vessel formation.

Comparison of apical periodontitis repair in endodontic treatment with calcium hydroxide-dressing and aPDT

“…Additionally, it is known that angiogenesis is essential for new tissue formation in the process of repair, allowing cells to receive the necessary nutrients for their proliferation and differentiation. 30 Therefore, blood vessel formation has been associated with more advanced tissue repair in experimental models in vivo. 31 Borsatto et al, 4 in a qualitative analysis of apical periodontitis treated with aPDT or calcium hydroxide dressing, demonstrated that calcium hydroxide induced greater proliferation of blood vessels, corroborating with the present study that confirmed this finding quantitatively.…”

Angiogenesis and Cell Organization after Direct Pulp Capping with Simvastatin Mixed with Calcium Hydroxide Compared with Mineral Trioxide Aggregates

“…Regarding angiogenesis, a logical pulpal response to an irritating agent is hyperemia (54) , leading to increased blood cell count in blood vessels and the connective pulp tissue (55,56) . This is considered a key factor in tissue repair, as it provides essential nutrients for cell proliferation and differentiation (57) . Hence, more advanced tissue repair is often associated with increased blood vessel formation (58) .…”

Tissue Engineered Neurovascularization Strategies for Craniofacial Tissue Regeneration

“…However, another study showed vascularization and new bone regeneration after scaffold-mediated VEGF led to similar results as a control group, with only 26% of the defect covered by newly formed bone 12 weeks after injury, suggesting that VEGF-mediated vascularization alone is insufficient to support a robust regenerative response. Previous studies have also demonstrated the ability of VEGF and FGF-2 to promote dental pulp angiogenesis. − The delivery of VEGF (together with dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs)) from heparin-conjugated gelatin microspheres in tooth roots also supported formation of vascularized pulp tissue …”