In-office tooth bleaching with 38% hydrogen peroxide promotes moderate/severe pulp inflammation and production of ll-1β, TNF-β, GPX, FGF-2 and osteocalcin in rats

Silva-Costa, Renata Suellen Galvão da; Ribeiro, Andressa Eveline de Lima; Assunção, Isauremi Vieira de; Júnior, Raimundo Fernandes de Araújo; Araújo, Aurigena Antunes de; Guerra, Gerlane Coelho Bernardo; Borges, Boniek Castillo Dutra

doi:10.1590/1678-7757-2017-0367

Cited by 23 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…A previous study in molars of bleached rats showed that a high concentration of HP can cause severe damage to the dental pulp, while low concentrations of HP can induce proliferation in the pulp tissue, which could explain these results. In addition, two studies showed an increase in OCN in the pulp tissue after dental bleaching (19,41), which demonstrates that despite the importance of in vitro studies, different results can be observed from those that occur in in vivo models. In addition, the ROS can accumulate during oxidative stress, but due to their reactivity, this accumulation occurs in a transitory way; however, it can damage essential biomolecules, which can be challenging to recover in cell culture, but reversible in living tissue (42).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Influence of Hydrogen Peroxide on Mineralization in Dental Pulp Cells: A Systematic Review

et al. 2021

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Background: Dental bleaching agents show the ability to permeate through dental hard tissues, which may lead to pulp tissue changes. This systematic review (PROSPERO register: CRD42020213767) is aimed at understanding the effects of bleaching agents on the process of mineralization of the pulp tissue.Methods: Only in vitro studies evaluating the influence of hydrogen peroxide (HP) on mineralization in dental pulp cells were included. Studies without a non-bleached control group or cells after co-treatment with a bleaching agent other than HP and/or carbamide peroxide were excluded. The primary outcomes evaluated were alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralized nodule deposition. The mineralization markers analysis in dental pulp cells and the cell viability were considered secondary outcomes. Two independent authors conducted a systematic search (PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Library, and OpenGrey until January 2021) with no language restrictions and performed data extraction. The quality assessment was appraised according to a modified Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist.Results: The search resulted in 473 studies, and 11 were considered eligible. Overall, a reduction in the process of mineralization was observed among pulp cells after bleaching. A reduction in the ALP activity was reported in the mostly bleached groups using different protocols and analysis periods of nine studies. Regarding mineralized nodule deposition, 6 studies reported a significant reduction from 7 to 21 days among bleached groups. Of those three studies that investigated other mineralization markers, two found a reduction in the expression of dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein (DMP)-1, dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), and matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein (MEPE) among some bleaching gel concentrations. In contrast, one study showed a greater expression of osteopontin (OPN) and osteocalcin (OCN) in 100 μmol/L HP after 5 or 10 min of exposure, and another study showed significant induction of DSPP in concentrations of up to 0.5 mmol/L HP.Conclusion: Especially, high concentrations of bleaching gel reduce the potential of mineralization in pulp cells in in vitro studies; however, different HP concentrations, bleaching protocols, and analysis periods can influence this outcome.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Influence of Hydrogen Peroxide on Mineralization in Dental Pulp Cells: A Systematic Review

et al. 2021

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“…This occurs because the bleaching agent in the form of hydrogen peroxide and its oxidation products have penetrated first through the interprismatic space of the enamel and dentinal tubules into the pulp, resulting in injury to the pulp tissue, this condition results in the number of fibroblasts detected in this group not much different from the number of fibroblasts in the Control Group. This is supported by Silva-Costa et al2 (2018) who stated that the pulp response to bleaching varies from mild to severe inflammatory reactions that can even cause partial necrosis of the coronal pulp tissue. Inflammatory reactions due to oxidative stress caused by ROS can still occur even though the composition of the bleaching gel contains desensitizing agents, namely potassium nitrate and fluoride because hydrogen peroxide has a lower molecular weight so that hydrogen peroxide reaches the pulp more quickly and causes injury and causes an inflammatory response5 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 71%

“…In-office bleaching is a bleaching technique using high concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and has several advantages, for instance the treatment process is very fast and the process is controlled by the dentist, thus the results can be seen in one visit and the patient is more cooperative 1,2 . Hydrogen peroxide as an active bleaching agent is an oxidant, with the help of chemical or physical activators it breaks down into hydroxyl radicals, perhydroxyl radicals, perhydroxyls anions and superoxide anions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Various Desensitizing Agent Application on in-Office Bleaching on the Number of Fibroblasts

Apriliyani

Mulyawati

Kristanti

2021

ODONTO : Dental Journal

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Background: Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) released from hydrogen peroxide causes inflammation of the pulp. Remineralization action by fluoride-containing desensitizing agent (Casein Phosphopeptides-Amorphous Calcium Fluoride Phosphate/CPP-ACFP) occluding dentinal tubule, thereby minimizing the penetration of hydrogen peroxide into the pulp and affect the number of fibroblasts. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of fluoride-containing desensitizing agent (CPP-ACFP) application: before, after, and before-after in-office bleaching techniques using 40% hydrogen peroxide on the number of fibroblasts.Method: Twenty-eight maxillary molar teeth were divided into 4 groups, Control Group (bleaching treatment), Group I (CPP-ACFP application before bleaching), Group II (CPP-ACFP application after bleaching), and Group III (CPP-ACFP application before and after bleaching). Rats were sacrificed 5 days after and histological preparations were stained with HE. Fibroblasts counting was performed using a 1000x magnification light microscope.Result: ANOVA test showed that there were significant mean differences in the number of fibroblasts among the groups. The LSD test showed that there were statistically significant differences in almost all of the compared groups except between the Control Group and Group II.Conclusion: The number of fibroblasts in the pulp of rats applied CPP-ACFP before and after in-office bleaching was less than applied CPP-ACFP before or after in-office bleaching.

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“…This fact may justify not having noticed a significant reduction in the values of the SpO 2 p reading during the sessions. There was a short period between the bleaching agents' application and the SpO 2 p readings, which might have been insufficient for the installation of an inflammatory process [ 36 ]. On the other hand, there was a period of 7 days between SpO 2 p readings from one session to another, which may have been enough for the inflammatory process to cease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Pulp Oxygen Saturation Reading after Tooth Bleaching: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Henriques

Alves

Pottmaier

et al. 2022

International Journal of Dentistry

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Objectives. The purpose of this clinical trial was to evaluate the influence of in-office dental bleaching on the pulp oxygen saturation (SpO2p) reading. Material and Methods. SpO2p was measured using a pulse oximeter in 112 upper and lower anterior teeth (canines and incisors) of patients submitted to bleaching. Whitegold Office 35% (WGO) (upper and lower left hemiarch) and Whiteness HP Auto Mixx 35% (WHP) (upper and lower right hemiarch) bleaching agents were used. SpO2 measurements (teeth and index finger) were taken before and after each of the three application sessions of the agents. In the 4th session, in which no bleaching gel was used, only SpO2 was measured. Before and after the bleaching sessions, a colorimetric device performed the teeth color reading. The waiting time between sessions was 7 days. Data were analyzed by the Friedman, Kruskal–Wallis, and Mann–Whitney U tests (α = 0.05). Color change (ΔE) data were correlated (Spearman’s Rho test) with the SpO2p levels. Results. Neither of the two bleaching agents showed significant differences between the readings when evaluated individually (WGO, P = 0.780 , and WHP, P = 0.494 ). When taken together, the results showed significant difference between the readings performed, with higher median values after bleaching sessions: before (97.3) and after (98.6) 1st session; before (98.3) and after (98.3) 2nd session; before (98.3) and after (99.0) 3rd session; and after 1 week (98.3). The dental groups formed by maxillary lateral incisors ( P = 0.012 ) and mandibular incisors ( P < 0.001 ) showed a significant difference. Spearman’s Rho test showed a nonsignificant and weak correlation between ΔE and SpO2p in most comparisons. Conclusions. The in-office dental bleaching influenced the SpO2p reading, regardless of the dental group evaluated or the bleaching agent used. Clinical Relevance. This study provides information about the influence of in-office tooth whitening on the pulp SpO2p levels. The observation of pulp vitality during and after the use of bleaching agents is important for the follow-up of patients undergoing tooth whitening. The use of a pulse oximeter may be a viable and painless alternative to perform this monitoring. The clinical trial was registered with the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (ReBEC; registration number: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/RBR-68xbth).

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In-office tooth bleaching with 38% hydrogen peroxide promotes moderate/severe pulp inflammation and production of ll-1β, TNF-β, GPX, FGF-2 and osteocalcin in rats

Cited by 23 publications

References 24 publications

Influence of Hydrogen Peroxide on Mineralization in Dental Pulp Cells: A Systematic Review

Influence of Hydrogen Peroxide on Mineralization in Dental Pulp Cells: A Systematic Review

The Effect of Various Desensitizing Agent Application on in-Office Bleaching on the Number of Fibroblasts

Evaluation of the Pulp Oxygen Saturation Reading after Tooth Bleaching: A Randomized Clinical Trial

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