Estrutura e organização de assembleias de Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) em diferentes fitofisionomias no sul do Brasil

Abstract

ABSTRACT. Structure and organization of Scarabaeinae assemblages (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) in different vegetation types in SouthernBrazil. Patterns of species richness, abundance, diversity, equitability and dominance, and the organization in feeding and behavioral guilds of Scarabaeinae fauna were analyzed in three different vegetation types (forest, native field and crop) in northwestern of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, among September and November 2012, with the use of pitfall traps baited with different resources (feces, rotting meat and fermented banana). A total of 9,325 specimens were captured, distributed in nine genera and 32 species. The most abundant species were Onthophagus aff. tristis Harold, 1873, Canthidium aff. trinodosum (Boheman, 1858), Canthon aff. fallax Harold, 1868, Canthon lividus Blanchard, 1845 and Deltochilum morbillosum Burmeister, 1848 which represented 65.54% of the total individuals sampled. The forest showed the highest values of number of individuals and species. The lower richness was observed in the field while the crop showed the lowest abundance of individuals. Scarabaeinae showed qualitative and quantitative differences in their assemblies across vegetation types sampled. The forest showed the highest observed species richness and a fraction of these are unique to this environment, and rarely occurs in other types of ecosystems. In general, the forest has a greater proportion of trophic generalist or copro-necrophagous species in its composition. Another part of this fauna, being largely represented by coprophagous species, is adapted to open environments indicating a change in food guild caused by replacing the forest with pasture. Thus, in a broader context the landscape can play an important role in diversity of dung beetles. KEYWORDS. Dung beetles, forest, native field, crop, attractiveness.RESUMO. Padrões de riqueza de espécies, abundância, diversidade, equitabilidade e dominância, além da organização em guildas tróficas e comportamentais da fauna de Scarabaeinae foram analisados em três diferentes fitofisionomias (floresta, campo natural e lavoura) na região noroeste do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, entre setembro e novembro de 2012, através da utilização de armadilhas de queda iscadas com distintos recursos (fezes, carne em decomposição e banana fermentada). Foram capturados 9.325 espécimes, distribuídos em nove gêneros e 32 espécies. As espécies mais abundantes foram Onthophagus aff. tristis Harold, 1873, Canthidium aff. trinodosum (Boheman, 1858), Canthon aff. fallax Harold, 1868, Canthon lividus Blanchard, 1845 e Deltochilum morbillosum Burmeister, 1848 que representaram 65,54% do total de indivíduos amostrados. A floresta apresentou os valores mais elevados de número de indivíduos e de espécies. A menor riqueza foi observada no campo, enquanto a lavoura apresentou a menor abundância de indivíduos. Scarabaeinae apresentou diferenças quali-e quantitativas em suas assembleias pelas fitofisionomias amostradas. A floresta abrigou a maior riqueza observada de espé...

Attractiveness of Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) to different baits in the Brazilian Amazon region

“…In fact, tunnelers were dominant in relation to the other guilds, a common pattern in the Neotropics. The distribution of behavioral guilds seems to be the result of local diversity of DB species in the Neotropics (Louzada & Lopes, 1997;Lima, Silva, Bianch, Da Silva, & Di Mare, 2015).…”

“…In this way, the landscape context is very important to the DB, because complementarity of habitats can present a particular diversity that increases the diversity of the landscape (Almeida & Louzada, 2009). Studies like this, focused in the knowledge of the biology and distribution of Scarabaeinae, are essential to support any future initiative for biodiversity and ecosystems conservation Lima et al, 2015).…”

Dung beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeinae) from high-altitude grasslands in São Joaquim National Park, Santa Catarina, southern Brazil

“…It is an American genus, distributed from Canada to Argentina , with mostly copro-necrophagous species. Some species, however, show other trophic habits feeding on fungi (Vaz-de-Mello 1999, Falqueto et al 2005, rotten fruits (Halffter and Halffter 2009, da Silva et al 2012a, 2012b, Lima et al 2015, dead insects and millipedes (Villalobos et al 1998), and also ant predation (Hertel and Colli 1998, Vaz-de-Mello et al 1998, Silveira et al 2006, Araújo et al 2015. Four species/subspecies of Canthon were sampled in SJNP.…”

“…In the southern portion of the species range, the red individuals occur more frequently in higher elevations than does blue or green ones, but they are also found at the sea level and in the northern portion of the species' range in sympatry with blue and green individuals (Cupello and Vaz-de-Mello 2014). Coprophanaeus (M.) saphirinus is attracted to herbivorous feces (Martínez 1959), humans feces, rotten meat, rotten fruit (Almeida and Louzada 2009, 2012b, Lima et al 2015 Martínez, 1951, and Selenocopris Burmeister, 1846(Martínez 1951Vaz-de-Mello et al 2011). The subgenus Luederwaldtinia has 65 valid species assigned to 13 species-groups (Nunes and Vaz-de-Mello 2013;Maldaner et al 2015;Nunes et al 2016).…”

First record of Scybalocanthon nigriceps (Harold, 1868) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) in Rio Grande do Sul state, southern Brazil

“…To our knowledge, there is only one study performed, in a standardized way, in the northwest region of the Rio Grande do Sul (Lima et al 2015). This site is located ca.…”