Gas Exchange, Root Morphology and Nutrients in Maize Plants Inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense Cultivated Under Two Water Conditions

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the gas exchange, root morphology and nutrient concentration in maize plants inoculated with A. brasilense under two water conditions. The experiments were carried out in a greenhouse, one under irrigation and the other under water deficit. The treatments consisted of four A. brasilense inoculants (control (without inoculation), Az1 (CMS 7 + 26), Az2 (CMS 11 + 26) and Az3 (CMS 26 +42). At the V6 plant stage, water stress was imposed on maize plants for 15 days. The phytotechnical characteristics, gas exchange, root morphology, root dry matter and macronutrient analysis were evaluated after 15 days of water deficit imposition. The water deficit caused a reduction in the development of maize plants. The presence of A. brasilense Az1 under the same condition yielded higher photosynthesis, carboxylation efficiency, water use efficiency, and greater soil exploration with increased length, surface area and root volume of plants. Inoculation by A. brasilense increased root system volume by an average of 40 and 47% under irrigation and water deficit, respectively, when compared to non-inoculated plants. The inoculant Az1 attenuated the deleterious effects caused by drought and yielded the best growth of the root system, resulting in the tolerance of maize plants to water deficit. HIGHLIGHTS Azospirillum brasilense stimulates root growth in maize under water deficit.  Maize inoculated with A. brasilense shows greater photosynthesis under drought conditions.  Under water deficit, maize plants inoculated with A. brasilense showed greater water use efficiency (WUE). 2 Marques, D.M.; et al.

Initial development of upland rice plants inoculated with the MAY12 strain of Azospirillum spp.

“…SOUZA et al (2017) demonstrated that the inoculation of MAY12 in Mesosetum chasea grass plants produced an 88.3% increase in root volume compared to the control without inoculation. Similar results were observed in the study by MARQUES et al (2021) in which corn plants inoculated with A. brasilense increased root volume by an average of 40 and 47% under irrigation and water deficit conditions, respectively, when compared to control without inoculation.…”

Agronomic Efficiency of Grammy Crop® (Azospirillum brasilense) Under Different Application Methods in First- and Second-Crop Maize

“…This N-fixing microorganism colonizes plant roots and produces growth-promoting substances, such as indoleacetic acid, gibberellins, pantothenic acid, thiamine, and niacin, increasing root density and branching (Housh et al, 2021). Inoculation of maize with A. brasilense was shown to improve root development, water and nutrient absorption, and tolerance to stress conditions, such as high salinity and water deficit (Housh et al, 2021;Marques et al, 2021). Given its beneficial effects, this bacterium holds potential as a biological agent to increase crop yield and reduce losses by stimulating the use efficiency of nutrients available in the plant environment (Galindo et al, 2020).…”