Best Practices on HVAC Design to Minimize the Risk of COVID-19 Infection within Indoor Environments

Santos, Alexandre Fernandes; Gaspar, Pedro Dinis; Hamandosh, Aseel; Aguiar, Eliandro Barbosa de; Filho, Antonio Carlos Guerra; Souza, Heraldo José Lopes de

doi:10.1590/1678-4324-2020200335

Cited by 32 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…Meanwhile, increasing the outdoor air rate is necessary, and indoor temperature as well as relative humidity should be controlled to inhibit the spread of viruses. Giampieri and others [141] assessed solutions for airborne viral transmission reduction in HVAC systems, Santos and others [142] studied best practices on HVAC designs to minimize risk of COVID-19 infection indoors. The effects of air temperature and relative humidity on the survival of the SARS-CoV-2 was investigated by Casanova and others [143] .…”

Section: Future Challenges and Innovations Of Hvac Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sukarno and others [150] utilized HPHE to reduce HVAC system energy consumption in an isolation hospital room. Furthermore, liquid drying technology with low-grade consumption is again attracting researchers’ attention, for controlling indoor temperature and relative humidity, as well as for deactivating viruses to reduce the concentration of indoor pollutants as presented in Ref. 142 .…”

Section: Future Challenges and Innovations Of Hvac Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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COVID-19 Impact on Operation and Energy Consumption of Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) Systems

Zheng

Wang

et al. 2021

Advances in Applied Energy

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Heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) system is favourable for regulating indoor temperature, relative humidity, airflow pattern and air quality. However, HVAC systems may turn out to be the culprit of microbial contamination in enclosed spaces and deteriorate the environment due to inappropriate design and operation. In the context of COVID-19, significant transformations and new requirements are occurring in HVAC systems. Recently, several updated operational guidelines for HVAC systems have been issued by various institutions to control the airborne transmission and mitigate infection risks in enclosed environments. Challenges and innovations emerge in response to operational variations of HVAC systems. To efficiently prevent the spread of the pandemic and reduce infection risks, it is essential to have an overall understanding of impacts caused by COVID-19 on HVAC systems. Therefore, the objectives of this article are to: (a) provide a comprehensive review of the airborne transmission characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 in enclosed spaces and a theoretical basis for HVAC operation guideline revision; (b) investigate HVAC-related guidelines to clarify the operational variations of HVAC systems during the pandemic; (c) analyse how operational variations of HVAC systems affect energy consumption; and (d) identify the innovations and research trends concerning future HVAC systems. Furthermore, this paper compares the energy consumption of HVAC system operation during the normal times versus pandemic period, based on a case study in China, providing a reference for other countries around the world. Results of this paper offer comprehensive insights into how to keep indoor environments safe while maintaining energy-efficient operation of HVAC systems.

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Section: Future Challenges and Innovations Of Hvac Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Future Challenges and Innovations Of Hvac Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 Impact on Operation and Energy Consumption of Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) Systems

Zheng

Wang

et al. 2021

Advances in Applied Energy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…COVID-19 forced the human population to adapt rapidly in the wake of the new, highly contagious virus. The forms of transmission are not entirely understood; however, it is accepted that the virus can become airborne through respiratory droplets that either directly contact another person, or evaporate and become droplet nuclei that may stay suspended as an aerosol for an extended period of time ( Santos et al, 2020 ; Peters et al, 2020 ; Dancer et al, 2020 ). These aerosols may travel through ventilation systems in buildings and enclosed spaces, eventually invading other areas away from any infected individuals ( Correia et al, 2020 ; Li et al, 2007 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of methods to reduce the probability of the airborne spread of COVID-19 in ventilation systems and enclosed spaces

Berry

Parsons

Morgan

et al. 2022

Environmental Research

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COVID-19 forced the human population to rethink its way of living. The threat posed by the potential spread of the virus via an airborne transmission mode through ventilation systems in buildings and enclosed spaces has been recognized as a major concern. To mitigate this threat, researchers have explored different technologies and methods that can remove or decrease the concentration of the virus in ventilation systems and enclosed spaces. Although many technologies and methods have already been researched, some are currently available on the market, but their effectiveness and safety concerns have not been fully investigated. To acquire a broader view and collective perspective of the current research and development status, this paper discusses a comprehensive review of various workable technologies and methods to combat airborne viruses, e.g., COVID-19, in ventilation systems and enclosed spaces. These technologies and methods include an increase in ventilation, high-efficiency air filtration, ionization of the air, environmental condition control, ultraviolet germicidal irradiation, non-thermal plasma and reactive oxygen species, filter coatings, chemical disinfectants, and heat inactivation. Research gaps have been identified and discussed, and recommendations for applying such technologies and methods have also been provided in this article.

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“…It is suggested that indoor air quality and HVAC systems can significantly reduce the airborne transmission of viruses [ 117 , 118 ]. Consequently, best practices on HVAC to minimize the airborne transmission of the coronavirus in indoor environments have been proposed [ 119 ]. This is leading to a renewed focus on smart HVAC systems in buildings [ 120 ].…”

Section: Impact Of Covid-19 On Iot and New Initiativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of COVID-19 on IoT Adoption in Healthcare, Smart Homes, Smart Buildings, Smart Cities, Transportation and Industrial IoT

Umair

Cheema

Cheema³

et al. 2021

Sensors

127

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COVID-19 has disrupted normal life and has enforced a substantial change in the policies, priorities and activities of individuals, organisations and governments. These changes are proving to be a catalyst for technology and innovation. In this paper, we discuss the pandemic’s potential impact on the adoption of the Internet of Things (IoT) in various broad sectors, namely healthcare, smart homes, smart buildings, smart cities, transportation and industrial IoT. Our perspective and forecast of this impact on IoT adoption is based on a thorough research literature review, a careful examination of reports from leading consulting firms and interactions with several industry experts. For each of these sectors, we also provide the details of notable IoT initiatives taken in the wake of COVID-19. We also highlight the challenges that need to be addressed and important research directions that will facilitate accelerated IoT adoption.

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Best Practices on HVAC Design to Minimize the Risk of COVID-19 Infection within Indoor Environments

Cited by 32 publications

References 18 publications

COVID-19 Impact on Operation and Energy Consumption of Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) Systems

COVID-19 Impact on Operation and Energy Consumption of Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) Systems

A review of methods to reduce the probability of the airborne spread of COVID-19 in ventilation systems and enclosed spaces

Impact of COVID-19 on IoT Adoption in Healthcare, Smart Homes, Smart Buildings, Smart Cities, Transportation and Industrial IoT

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