Bioactive Fibrin Scaffolds for Use in Musculoskeletal Regenerative Medicine

Abstract

Autologous fibrin matrices derived from the Leukocyte and Platelet Rich Plasma (L-PRP) and Leukocyte and Platelet Rich Fibrin (L-PRF) techniques present great potential to act as a bioactive scaffold in regenerative medicine, contributing to the maintenance of cell viability, proliferation stimulus and differentiation. In contrast, there are few studies that characterize the bioactive potential of these fibrin scaffolds by considering the process of production. The objective of this work was to characterize the intrinsic potential of maintaining cell viability of different fibrin scaffolds containing platelets and leukocytes. In order to achieve that, blood samples from a volunteer were collected and processed to obtain fibrin clots using the suggested techniques. To characterize the potential for in vitro viability, mesenchymal stem cells from human infrapatellar fat were used. The scaffolds were cellularized (1x10 5 cells/scaffolds) and maintained for 5 and 10 days under culture conditions with Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium, without addition of fetal bovine serum, and subsequently subjected to analyses by Fourrier transform infra-red spectroscopy, circular dichroism and fluorescence microscopy. The results demonstrated distinct intrinsic potential viability between the scaffolds, and L-PRP was responsible for promoting higher levels of viability in both periods of analysis. No viable cells were identified in the fibrin matrix used as controls. These results allow us to conclude that both fibrin substrates have presented intrinsic potential for maintaining cell viability, with superior potential exhibited by L-PRP scaffold, and represent promising alternatives for use as bioactive supports in musculoskeletal regenerative medicine.

Biocompatible Short-Peptides Fibrin Co-assembled Hydrogels

“…The reported CD spectra of fibrinogen shows two negative bands at 221 and 209 nm characteristic of α-helix . CD of fibrin has been more difficult to report due to the opacity of the samples, although spectra of some works show the presence of a single band with a negative maximum centered at 220 or 230 nm, similar to our results . Fmoc-dipeptides usually have another characteristic band in the near-ultraviolet region (270–320 nm) corresponding to (π–π* transition) which indicates superhelical arrangements formed by the Fmoc groups .…”

“…63 CD of fibrin has been more difficult to report due to the opacity of the samples, although spectra of some works show the presence of a single band with a negative maximum centered at 220 or 230 nm, similar to our results. 64 Fmoc-dipeptides usually have another characteristic band in the near-ultraviolet region (270−320 nm) corresponding to (π−π* transition) which indicates superhelical arrange-ments formed by the Fmoc groups. 65 This band is less intense in mixtures of fibrin:Fmoc-peptides (3:1) and is practically lost in 6:1 mixtures.…”

Relationship between Serotonin-2A Receptor Gene Polymorphism and Wound Healing in Brazilian Patients

“…The variant genotypes of this gene, because they have different levels of activity, can affect or modify serotonergic activity, by decreasing the number of receptors, especially at the platelets, resulting in a lower concentration of serotonin in the extracellular space, that is, of active serotonin. These low serotonergic levels are not, therefore, sufficient to provide adequate platelet activation, thus triggering less aggregation of the same, with damage in the formation of the clot that will prevent the approximation of the edges of the wound, the aggregation of fibronectin, fibroblasts, endothelial cells and keratinocytes [2,[8][9][10][16][17][18]26,27].…”

“…Consequently, there will be a loss of interaction between platelet granule proteins and extracellular matrix proteins and platelet bodies, as they are not aggregated. This entire altered process will not allow the stabilization and formation of the preliminary matrix, in addition to the impairment in the migration of the cells responsible for triggering and continuing the repair process, which will be more prolonged [2,[8][9][10][16][17][18]26,27].…”

Decellularized Wharton’s Jelly: Biomaterial Potential for Regenerative Medicine Applications - A Mini-Review

“…The product of this process is a three-dimensional (3D) structure of ECM that can be utilized as a biological support (scaffold) for employment in tissue engineering and RM [5]. Scaffolds need to be biocompatible, bioabsorbable and with physical and chemical properties that allow cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation [6].…”