Antinociceptive and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Marine Sponges Aplysina Caissara, Haliclona sp. and Dragmacidon Reticulatum

Abstract

Marine sponges are a rich source of bioactive natural products with multiple pharmacological properties. In this study, the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of extracts obtained from Aplysina caissara, Haliclona sp. and Dragmacidon reticulatum were evaluated by using the writhing test and formalin-induced mouse paw edema model in mice. All extracts were administered via oral pathway in the doses of 60 and 90 mg/kg. In the writhing test the pretreatment with all sponges resulted in significant inhibition of the acetic acid-induced response, suggesting an antinociceptive effect. The formalin test showed that the extracts from A. caissara, Haliclona sp. and D. reticulatum, in the tested doses, did not affect the first formalin phase, however, they were effective in the late phase. To assess the potential anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts, the test of formalin-induced paw edema was used. The oral administration of A. caissara, Haliclona sp. and D. reticulatum extracts significantly reduced the formalin-induced paw edema in mice. In conclusion, our data show that marine sponges can be an important source of anti-inflammatory and antinocicpetive products that can be promising therapeutical leads. Furthermore, pharmacological and chemical studies have been developed not only to characterize the mechanism(s) that is/are responsible for the antinociceptive and antiinflammatory action but also to identify the active principles of sponges.

Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of cellular and extracellular extracts from microalga Chlamydomonas pumilioniformis on mice

“…Taking into account the biological potential of previously described polysaccharides, we studied the antinociceptive potential of C. pumilioniformis extracts. The writhing response to an intraperitoneal injection of acetic acid is used to screen peripherally and central analgesic drugs (Couto et al, 2011;Hort et al, 2018). Acetic acid induces the release of endogenous mediators, such as substance P, bradykinins, prostaglandins, as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukins (IL-1, IL-6 and IL-8) and TNF-α, that stimulate peripheral nociceptors which are sensitive to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioids (Verma, Joharapurkar, Chatpalliwar, & Asnani, 2005;Pinheiro et al, 2011).…”

“…after the administration of acetic acid. Antinociception was calculated as a percentage of inhibition of writhing constrictions by using the formula [(control group mean -test group mean)/(control group)] 100% (Hort et al, 2018).…”

“…The anti-inflammatory effect of C. pumilioniformis was assessed by formalin-induced paw edema test on mice. Before formalin injection (20 μL; 2.5%), volume of each mouse paw was measured separately by a plethysmometer (Letica, Barcelona, Spain) (Hort et al, 2018). Thirty minutes after administration of crude cellular and extracellular extracts from C. pumilioniformis (10 mL kg -1 ) or saline (control group) i.p.…”