In Vitro Study Towards Role of Acrylamide-Induced Genotoxicity in Human Lymphocytes and the Protective Effect of L- Carnitine

Abstract

Acrylamide (AA), is an important industrial compound, formed during food processing under high temperature. Due to its potential carcinogenic effect, it has been recognized as a human health concern. In this study, we investigated the role of oxidative stress in acrylamide's genotoxicity and protective role of Lcarnitine (LCA) in human lymphocytes. The micronucleus test (MNT) was used to monitor AA genotoxicity after 20h exposure to concentrations of 0.25,50 and 100 mM. Furthermore we evaluated oxidative stress markers, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation (LPO) and glutathione (GSH) content. In MNT, It has been found that AA at high concentrations (50 and 100 µM) significantly increased the micronuclei (MN) frequencies. On the one hand, AA exposure induced ROS formation, LPO and also GSH oxidation in treated lymphocytes. On the other hand, pretreatment with LCA (100 and 200µM) inhibited AA-induced oxidative stress which subsequently led to decreasing of the micronuclei (MN) frequencies in human lymphocytes. In overall, the clastugenic effect of acrylamide was confirmed. Also, it has been observed that LCA prevented AA genotoxicity via amelioration of oxidative stress in human lymphocytes. Therefore, oxidative stress suggested as an important factor involved in acrylamide-induced genotoxicity.

Mitochondrial, lysosomal and DNA damages induced by acrylamide attenuate by ellagic acid in human lymphocyte

“…In many in vivo and in vitro studies have been reported genotoxicity, cytotoxicity, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by acrylamide [26,27]. Various genotoxicity experiments showed that acrylamide could develop the genotoxicity and carcinogenicity properties like induction of micronuclei and aberrations in blood cells such as, spleen lymphocytes and peripheral red blood cells, DNA damage in Comet assay in various organs and transgenic gene mutation in liver [28].…”

Assessment of Protective Effects of Carvacrol on Haloperidol-Induced Oxidative Stress and Genotoxicity in Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes

“…The cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay (CBMN assay) was conducted as previously described with minor modifications [ 16 ]. Phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) was added to all the mentioned groups in order to stimulate mitosis in the culture.…”

“…Moreover, it is proposed that haloperidol may cause a remarkable decline in the amount of glutathione [15]. e excessive production of free radicals, such as ROS, and the inability of the antioxidant defense system to stabilize them leads to a situation referred to as oxidative stress [16]. e probable role of free radicals in damaging macromolecules, like DNAs, proteins, and lipids, has been demonstrated in several studies [17][18][19][20].…”

The Nutraceutical Value of Carnitine and Its Use in Dietary Supplements

“…Many in vitro studies [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29], and in vivo studies of animals [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47] and humans [48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59] have reported different beneficial functions for carnitine. In the following, the main activities observed are reported.…”

“…In vitro Antioxidant effects Inhibited acrylamide-induced genotoxicity in human lymphocytes through the improvement of oxidative stress. [24] In vitro Antioxidant effects Inhibited ROS production and reduced antioxidant activity. [25] In vitro Anti-aging effect Decreased epigenetic modification of hTERT gene promoter and the numbers of senescent cells, and increased activity of telomerase.…”