Osteoarthritis in horses - Part 1: relationship between clinical and radiographic examination for the diagnosis

Souza, Maria Verônica de

doi:10.1590/1678-4324-2016150024

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Radiographic and ultrasonographic examinations were more sensitive for detection of joint swelling compared to circumference measurements (cm) taken during physical examination and are thought to accurately reflect synovial effusion in non-infectious joint diseases (Minshall, 2008;Vanderperren & Saunders, 2009b;Vanderperren et al, 2009). Fluctuant consistency was detected on palpation of 43.8% of joints in this study and is also consistent with localized joint effusion typical of the early phase of joint disease (Souza, 2016). Radiographic assessment revealed that subchondral bone lesions were closely related to the site of osteochondral fragmentation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

“…Joint inflammation promotes synovial vascularity and hypertrophy. Fibrillation, focal fissures and superficial articular cartilage damage are also thought to be early manifestations of joint disease (Vanderperren & Saunders, 2009b;Vanderperren et al, 2009;Kidd et al, 2001;Souza, 2016). These were the most common arthroscopic and sonographic (particularly power doppler sonography) findings in this study, again reflecting early case referral.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Osteochondral lesions may be detected and evaluated in several manners, including physical examination, radiographic and sonographic assessment, synovial fluid analysis, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and arthroscopy. Detailed examination of the musculoskeletal system, including medical history, careful physical examination and imaging modalities is required to locate the injury and determine the site of pain and lameness (Davidson, 2018;McIlwraith et al, 2011;McIlwraith et al, 2012;Minshall, 2008;Souza, 2016) Diagnostic imaging plays a vital role in joint disease identification and classification, and several complementary modalities may be combined for accurate diagnosis (Machado et al, 2016). Radiography is undeniably useful and practical but does not provide detailed imaging of soft tissues (Baccarin et al, 2012;Lawson et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The correlation between score-based protocol for equine joint assessment and subsequent arthroscopic intervention outcomes

Silva¹,

Hagen²,

Vendruscolo³

et al. 2020

Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci.

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This study aimed to grade joint abnormalities in horses submitted to therapeutic arthroscopy using score-based protocols for equine joint assessment, correlated with arthroscopic treatment outcomes and owner satisfaction. In this prospective study, we evaluated 126 joints of athletic horses referred for arthroscopy. The joints were scored according to findings of medical history and physical, radiographic, ultrasonographic and arthroscopic examination. Lameness, positive response to flexion test and decreased maximum joint flexion angle were detected in more than 50% of joints. Soft tissue swelling, sclerosis, subchondral bone osteolysis and single osteochondral fragments were the most common radiographic findings. Ultrasonographic examination revealed changes in synovial fluid volume and appearance, and subchondral bone irregularities. Increased vascularity of the synovial villi, chondral fibrillation, chondral fissures and superficial cartilage erosions were the most significant arthroscopic findings. The approaches that demonstrated greater sensitivity and correlation with treatment outcome and owner satisfaction were medical history, ultrasonographic and arthroscopic examination. The scoring protocol employed to grade joint abnormalities enabled the creation of a joint score system for the objective assessment, thus determining the most frequent findings and establishing an injury severity score for each joint.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The correlation between score-based protocol for equine joint assessment and subsequent arthroscopic intervention outcomes

Silva¹,

Hagen²,

Vendruscolo³

et al. 2020

Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci.

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“…Musculoskeletal disorders, including osteoarthritis, which is characterized by progressive and disabling symptoms, are common in sport horses. Articular cartilage degradation is associated with changes in the subchondral bone and soft tissues in this disease, which results in economic losses and a significant reduction in athletic horse performance [11,25]. Thus, there is a growing demand for the detection of osteochondral degeneration and inflammatory processes in early osteoarthritis, where cell damage and molecular and enzymatic changes typically manifest first [9,16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasound and clinical findings in the metacarpophalangeal joint assessment of show jumping horses in training

Yamada

Pinheiro²,

Marsiglia

et al. 2020

J Vet Sci

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Background: Physical exercise is known to cause significant joint changes. Thus, monitoring joint behavior of athletic horses is essential in early disorders recognition, allowing the proper management. Objectives: The aims of this study were to determine the morphological patterns, physical examination characteristics and ultrasound findings of show jumping horses in training and to establish a score-based examination model for physical and ultrasound follow-ups of metacarpophalangeal joint changes in these animals. Methods: A total of 52 metacarpophalangeal joints from 26 horses who were initially in the taming stage were evaluated, and the horses' athletic progression was monitored. The horses were evaluated by a physical examination and by B-mode and Doppler-mode ultrasound examinations, starting at time zero (T0), which occurred concomitantly with the beginning of training, and every 3 months thereafter for a follow-up period of 18 months. Results: The standardized examination model revealed an increase in the maximum joint flexion angles and higher scores on the physical and ultrasound examinations after scoring was performed by predefined assessment tools, especially between 3 and 6 months of evaluation, which was immediately after the horses started more intense training. The lameness score and the ultrasound examination score were slightly higher at the end of the study. Conclusions: The observed results were probably caused by the implementation of a training regimen and joint adaptation to physical conditioning. The joints most likely undergo a preosteoarthritic period due to work overload, which can manifest in a consistent or adaptive manner, as observed during this study. Thus, continuous monitoring of young athlete horses by physical and ultrasound examinations that can be scored is essential.

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“…OA is a result of a complicated interaction between biochemical and biomechanical factors. OA might happen due to many reasons such as joint injuries, trauma, genetic, aging, bad shoeing, and the nutritional deficiency (Souza, 2016). MIA hinders the Krebs cycle leading to the death of chondrocytes as it is a metabolic inhibitor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Platelet-Rich Plasma on MMP-13, ARE and TGF β1 in MIA-induced Osteoarthritis in Rats

Halfaya

Ragab

Hagag

et al. 2020

Journal of Veterinary Medical Research

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Ankle osteoarthritis (OA) is an inflammatory deterioration chronic disease; yet, OA pathogenesis is obscure. There is no absolute cure from OA and the present pharmacological medication options are constrained and associated with adverse aspect effects. Clinically, Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is usually used to cure OA. The present study was designed to evaluate the role of PRP in the treatment of experimentally Monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced ankle osteoarthritis in the rat model. Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into three groups (each of 10 rats). Rats of group I were injected with 1 mg MIA in the right ankle joint for two consecutive days, while those of group II were treated with saline instead of MIA; and group III (osteoarthritic +PRP) rats were injected with PRP in the ankle joint at 14, 21, and 28 days after MIA injection. Paw oedema, scoring of arthritis, Matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13) level, antioxidant response element (ARE) level, and joint transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF β 1) were evaluated. PRP reduces expression of joint, MMP13, ARE level, and TGF β 1. PRP also significantly reduces the score of arthritis. The administration of PRP decreases paw oedema in MIA-induced OA rats. These results suggest that PRP has marked effect against OA in MIA-induced osteoarthritic rats which are mediated through the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.

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Osteoarthritis in horses - Part 1: relationship between clinical and radiographic examination for the diagnosis

Abstract: Locomotor disorders are very common in the equine

Cited by 12 publications

References 68 publications

The correlation between score-based protocol for equine joint assessment and subsequent arthroscopic intervention outcomes

The correlation between score-based protocol for equine joint assessment and subsequent arthroscopic intervention outcomes

Ultrasound and clinical findings in the metacarpophalangeal joint assessment of show jumping horses in training

Effect of Platelet-Rich Plasma on MMP-13, ARE and TGF β1 in MIA-induced Osteoarthritis in Rats

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