Morfologia do coração e dos vasos da base do pinguim-de-magalhães (Spheniscus magellanicus)

Guimarães, D.F.; Carvalho, Anna Paula Martins de; Ywasaki, J.; Neves, Cinthya Dessaune; Rodrigues, Ana Bárbara Freitas; Silveira, Leonardo Serafim da

doi:10.1590/1678-4162-9860

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Para o avestruz, especificamente, foi identificada uma maior extensão do átrio esquerdo, o que não se assemelha as preguiças [36]. E no pinguim--de-magalhães (Spheniscus magellanicus), os átrios apresentam a musculatura pectínea desenvolvida [19].…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Nesse, a partir dessas projeções musculares surgem às cordas tendíneas que se prendem nas valvas atrioventriculares, em ambos os antímeros, sendo 3 válvulas à direita e 2 à esquerda, como no tamanduá-de-colete (Tamandua tetradactyla) [29] e no macaco-prego (Sapajus apella) [16]. Estes representantes eutérios mantêm ainda em comum, a presença das valvas, aórtica e do tronco pulmonar constituídas de três válvulas semilunares cada, o que se repete no lobo-marinho-do-sul (Arctocephalus australis) [19]. Tal morfologia está presente também em aves, como analisado por Soares et al [36], todavia, nos avestruzes estudados por eles, a valva atrioventricular direita é formada através de 1 prega da musculatura da parede do ventrículo e não apresenta cordas tendíneas presas a ela.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

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Internal Macroscopic Anatomy and Electrical Evaluation of the Bradypus variegatus Heart

Albuquerque

Ferri

Braz

et al. 2021

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: The Bradypus variegatus species presents peculiar anatomophysiological properties and many aspects of its organic systems still need to be clarified, especially regarding the cardiovascular system, given its participation in vital activities. Disorderly anthropic action has had drastic consequences in sloth populations and the need to treat sick and injured animals is increasingly common. To this end, the importance of knowing its characteristics is emphasized. Therefore, this study proposed to describe the internal macroscopic structures of the sloth's heart, as well as to measure the ventricular walls and indicate the electrical activity of the organ.Materials, Methods and Results: For the dissections, 15 Bradypus variegatus cadavers were used (1 young female, 9 adults females and 5 adult males) belonging to the Área de Anatomia of the Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal (DMFA), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recide, PE, Brazil. After they were fixed and preserved, the specimens received a midsagittal incision in the chest, followed by soft tissue folding and removal of ribs to access the heart. The organ was derived from the cavity and sectioned sagittal medially to identify its internal anatomy. Ventricular walls and interventricular septum were measured with a steel caliper (150 mm / 0.02 mm). An electrocardiogram was performed to determine the electrical profile on 5 healthy B. variegatus sloths, living under semi-livestock conditions at the Recife Zoo, PE, Brazil. The electrodes were taken from the regions, scapular and glutes of the animals that were called hugging a keeper during the procedure, carried out in the Zoo itself, using a portable device. Based on the data obtained, sloths have cardiac chambers separated by septa, however between atria and ventricles, in both antimeres, there are atrioventricular ostia, where valves are found, consisting of 3 valves on the right and 2 on the left. The atria are practically smooth inside and have their cavity enlarged by the atria, the right being larger than the left, these having a greater amount of pectineal muscles in relation to the atria. The ventricles have trabeculae and papillary muscles, 3 on the right and 2 on the left. These muscles hold the tendinous chords that connect the valves. The existence of trabeculae marginal septum was not evidenced. The thickness of the wall of the left ventricle, as well as that of the interventricular septum, proved to be greater than the thickness of the wall of the right ventricle, regardless of the age or sex of the animals. Based on the electrocardiographic recordings, the sloths presented sinus rhythm, with a heart rate between 67 and 100 bpm. The electrical axis ranged from -60º to -90º. The P wave is smoother than the QRS complex. While the S-T segment was classified as isoelectric. The T wave was shown to be + and predominantly > or = at 25% of the S wave, which characterized an rS type QRS deflection in both females and males.Discussion: The general characteristics of the cardiac chambers in sloths are similar to those observed in other domestic and wild mammals. However, the presence of pectineal muscles associated with the atria and auricles differs from that observed in mammals such as the paca and raccoon and in birds such as the ostrich, which have trabecular structures in these cavities. The number of valves in sloths is equal to the anteater. However, it has a marginal trabeculae septum, not seen in Bradypus variegatus. According to the electrocardiographic findings, the rhythm was sinus, but much lower than that observed in the capuchin monkey, which also maintains arboreal habits. Keywords: Xenarthra, common sloth, internal anatomy, heart, electrocardiogram.Descritores: Xenarthra, preguiça-comum, anatomia interna, coração, eletrocardiograma.

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Internal Macroscopic Anatomy and Electrical Evaluation of the Bradypus variegatus Heart

Albuquerque

Ferri

Braz

et al. 2021

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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“…Separating the cardiac chambers are the left and right atrioventricular valves, formed by the endocardial portion. Moreover, there are the semilunar, pulmonary, and aortic valves, which prevent blood reflux from the exit of the pulmonary and aortic arteries (Guimarães et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

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Myxomatous degeneration of the left atrioventricular valve in a true parrot (Amazona aestiva): a case report

Kagohara¹,

Filho

Marinho³

et al. 2020

Braz. J. Vet. Med.

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Owning wild species as pets is becoming more and more common. Consequently, experience in caring for them has grown, resulting in the diagnosis of numerous diseases. Among these are cardiovascular disorders, especially in parrots. However, the lack of specificity or the absence of clinical signs of these diseases make it difficult to assess cardiovascular issues during the physical examination of birds. This leads to underdiagnosis of these conditions, with the majority being diagnosed post-mortem. This study reports the cardiovascular findings in post-mortem examinations of individuals of the species Amazona aestiva (true parrot) of Centro de Triagem de Animais Silvestres do Rio de Janeiro (CETAS-RJ) and is the first record of myxomatous degeneration of the left atrioventricular valve in this species.

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Morfologia do coração e dos vasos da base do pinguim-de-magalhães (Spheniscus magellanicus)

Cited by 2 publications

References 9 publications

Internal Macroscopic Anatomy and Electrical Evaluation of the Bradypus variegatus Heart

Internal Macroscopic Anatomy and Electrical Evaluation of the Bradypus variegatus Heart

Myxomatous degeneration of the left atrioventricular valve in a true parrot (Amazona aestiva): a case report

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