Avaliação da dexmedetomidina e do tramadol, associados ao midazolam, em gatas anestesiadas com isoflurano e submetidas à ovário-histerectomia

Lemos, Vivian Castro; Sande, J.Q.; Barbosa, Vivian Fernanda; Neto, João Moreira Costa; Filho, Emanoel Ferreira Martins; Iwassa, Carlos Hiroshi Duarte

doi:10.1590/1678-4162-9426

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Comparing the mean baseline parameters, such as HR, f , SBP, DBP, and MBP, with other studies that evaluated these same baseline parameters in felines [ 18 – 20 ], no discrepancies were observed between them, suggesting that the animals were not overly stressed or agitated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Effect of Dexmedetomidine Low Doses with or without Midazolam in Cats: Clinical, Hemodynamic, Blood Gas Analysis, and Echocardiographic Effects

Castro

Câmara

Barreto

et al. 2022

Anesthesiology Research and Practice

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Objectives. The aim of the study is to compare the sedative, cardiorespiratory, echocardiographic, and blood gas effects of dexmedetomidine and methadone associated or not with midazolam for restraint chemistry in cats. Methods. Eighteen healthy young cats (4.06 ± 0.48 kg) were randomly sedated with two protocols, through the intramuscular route: dexmedetomidine (5 µg.kg−1), methadone (0.3 mg. kg−1) and midazolam (0.3 mg. kg−1) (DMTM, n = 9), or dexmedetomidine (7.5 µg.kg−1) and methadone (0.3 mg. kg−1) (DMT, n = 9). The cardiorespiratory parameters were measured at baseline, 5 and 10 minutes after pharmacological latency. The sedation, analgesia, and muscle relaxation scores were assessed before and 5 minutes after pharmacological latency, while arterial blood gas analysis and echocardiography were assessed before and after 10 or 15 minutes, respectively. Results. There was no difference between the protocols regarding the cardiorespiratory, blood gas, and echocardiographic parameters used. The scores for sedation, analgesia, and muscle relaxation also did not differ between the protocols, with the degree of sedation, analgesia, and myorelaxation considered satisfactory in both groups. A significant decrease in heart rate (HR) was observed after administration of the sedative protocols, reaching a maximum reduction at T10 (46% and 53% reduction in the DMT and DMTM groups, respectively). The reduction in HR had an impact on echocardiographic parameters such as CO, which decreased 53% and 56% in the DMT and DMTM groups, respectively. There was a significant reduction in PaO2, SaO2, ejection fraction, and fractional shortening in both protocols. SpO2 decreased significantly after 5 minutes of sedation in the DMT group, but with a minimum mean SpO2 of 92% in T5. The respiratory rate decreased significantly at 5 and 10 minutes in the DMTM group, while PaCO2 increased in both groups, indicating respiratory depression caused by the drugs. Conclusions and Relevance. The study pointed out that both sedative protocols can be recommended for clinical sedation of young and healthy cats in the doses used. However, both protocols resulted in cardiorespiratory depression in cats and also the particularities of the animals should be evaluated regarding reducing cardiac output by more than 50%.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Effect of Dexmedetomidine Low Doses with or without Midazolam in Cats: Clinical, Hemodynamic, Blood Gas Analysis, and Echocardiographic Effects

Castro

Câmara

Barreto

et al. 2022

Anesthesiology Research and Practice

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“…Another form of use is continuous infusion, and doses of 1, 3, and 5 µg/kg/h are known to promote adequate postoperative analgesia (19) . It is noteworthy that dexmedetomidine analgesia and duration are dose-dependent (18) , and analgesiometric studies suggest that both the intensity and duration of analgesia of α-2 adrenergic receptor agonists are dose-dependent (4) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ovariohysterectomy (OH) is one of the most frequently performed surgeries in veterinary medicine, with a mild to moderate degree of pain, requiring the use of analgesics as part of the therapeutic protocol (1,2) . For this, it is interesting to combine different drugs, for example, α-2-agonists and opioids, for a multimodal approach and effective analgesia (3,4) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, compared with the representatives of the same class, it has minor side effects. It is noteworthy that its use in veterinary medicine has been explored exponentially (3,4,7,8,9) . Its association with opioids is common and helps to reduce the undesirable effects of α-2 adrenergic agents, in addition to enhancing the analgesic and sedative effects (10) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Postoperative evaluation of analgesia promoted by the use of dexmedetomidine alone and associated with morphine as an intramuscular pre-anesthetic medication in bitches submitted for ovariohysterectomy

et al. 2021

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This study aimed to evaluate the postoperative analgesic efficacy of dexmedetomidine alone and when associated with morphine in patients under general inhalational anesthesia with isoflurane and undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy (OH). Twenty healthy bitches were selected via physical and laboratory examinations. Prior to the study, they underwent a 24-h period of adaptation to the environment and observers. They were then randomly divided into two groups: the dexmedetomidine group receiving a dose of 10 μg/kg, and dexmedetomidine group (10 μg/kg) associated with morphine receiving a dose of 0.3 mg/kg, administered via the intramuscular route. Thereafter, patients were induced with propofol and maintained with isoflurane diluted in 100% oxygen administered through a calibrated vaporizer. To verify postoperative analgesia, pain assessments were performed using the modified Glasgow (EGM) and Melbourne (EM) scales. For sedation assessment, the Dobbins scale was used at different times: before the administration of pre-anesthetic medication (T0) and at another six times in the postoperative period, 1 (T1), 2 (T2), 4 (T3), 8 (T4), 12 (T5), and 24 (T6) h after orotracheal extubation. No statistical differences were observed between groups in the scales according to Dunn’s Kruskal-Wallis post hoc test, and between the times a statistical difference was noticed by the Friedman test (p<0.05) for the EGM and EM scale scores, but there was no need for analgesic rescue. Therefore, we found that isolated dexmedetomidine and morphine produced adequate analgesic effects in the postoperative period of bitches submitted for OH.

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“…Associations of tramadol (2 mg/ kg IM) and midazolam (0.2 mg/kg IM) as pre-anesthetic protocol for OVH were compared with dexmedetomidine. The tramadol group had fewer secondary effects (nausea and vomits), a faster recovery time, and better cardiovascular stability than the alpha-2 adrenergic agonist [ 84 ]. Furthermore, given the absence of cardiorespiratory changes and physiological parameters within normal ranges, Evangelista et al [ 53 ] suggested that tramadol is a reliable perioperative drug for cats undergoing OVH at the recommended doses.…”

Section: Therapeutic Efficacy Of Tramadol In Catsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical pharmacology of tramadol and tapentadol, and their therapeutic efficacy in different models of acute and chronic pain in dogs and cats

Domínguez-Oliva¹,

Casas-Alvarado²,

Miranda-Cortés³

et al. 2021

J Adv Vet Anim Res

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Opioids are considered the gold standard to manage acute or chronic or mild to severe pain. Tramadol is a widely prescribed analgesic drug for dogs and cats; it has a synthetic partial agonism on μ-opioid receptors and inhibits the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin. However, the biotransformation and resultant metabolites differ between species and depend on cytochrome P450 interactions. Dogs mainly produce the inactive N-desmethyl tramadol metabolite, whereas cats exhibit an improved antinociceptive effect owing to rapid active O-desmethyltramadol metabolite production and a longer elimination half-life. Tapentadol, a novel opioid with dual action on μ-receptors and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitory activity, is a promising option in dogs, as it is less reliant on metabolic activation and is unaffected by cytochrome polymorphisms. Although scientific evidence on the analgesic activity of tapentadol in both species remains limited, experimental studies indicate potential benefits in animals. This review summarizes and compares the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and therapeutic efficacy of tramadol and tapentadol in dogs and cats with different pain conditions. According to the available data, tramadol seems a more suitable therapeutic option for cats and should preferably be used as a component of multimodal analgesia in both species, particularly dogs. Tapentadol might possess a superior analgesic profile in small animals, but additional studies are required to comprehensively evaluate the activity of this opioid to manage pain in dogs and cats.

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Avaliação da dexmedetomidina e do tramadol, associados ao midazolam, em gatas anestesiadas com isoflurano e submetidas à ovário-histerectomia

Cited by 4 publications

References 21 publications

Effect of Dexmedetomidine Low Doses with or without Midazolam in Cats: Clinical, Hemodynamic, Blood Gas Analysis, and Echocardiographic Effects

Effect of Dexmedetomidine Low Doses with or without Midazolam in Cats: Clinical, Hemodynamic, Blood Gas Analysis, and Echocardiographic Effects

Postoperative evaluation of analgesia promoted by the use of dexmedetomidine alone and associated with morphine as an intramuscular pre-anesthetic medication in bitches submitted for ovariohysterectomy

Clinical pharmacology of tramadol and tapentadol, and their therapeutic efficacy in different models of acute and chronic pain in dogs and cats

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