Biogenic amines and mycotoxins concentrations in baled silage from organic and conventional farms

Jovaišienė, Jurgita; Bakutis, Bronius; Baliukonienė, Violeta; Matusevičius, Paulius; Lipiński, Krzysztof; Antoszkiewicz, Zofia; Fijałkowska, Maja

doi:10.1590/1678-4162-9130

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Almost of the same strength negative correlation was found in grass silage between T-2 concentrations and CP content (r = −0.38, P < 0.05). The same trend was noted by other researchers from Lithuania and Poland (Jovaišienė et al, 2017), who documented that mycotoxin concentrations weakly negatively correlated with CP content. A weak negative correlation was found in grass silage between ZEA concentrations and CF content (r = −0.34, P < 0.05); however, a positive correlation was found in the same silage between T-2 concentrations and CF content (r = 0.37, P < 0.05).…”

Section: Correlationssupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Mycotoxin concentration depends on mould species and pH of the medium, and the highest mycotoxin concentrations can be found even at low pH values (Sandoval-Cotreras et al, 2017). Also, different organic acids have diverse impact on mould growth (Dagnas et al, 2015;Jovaišienė et al, 2017), which might explain the results obtained in our study.…”

Section: Correlationssupporting

confidence: 56%

“…A comparison of silage produced using different technologies showed that contamination with aflatoxins and DON was by 14% and 24% higher in silage samples from bales than that from trenches (Baliukonienė et al, 2012). It has been documented that fungal growth and mycotoxin concentration impact silage quality (Alonso et al, 2013;Dagnas et al, 2015;Schmidt et al, 2015;Jovaišienė et al, 2017). However, there is still a paucity of information about mycotoxin contamination levels of maize whole plant silage and grain silage and correlations between mycotoxin levels and silage nutrient composition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The prevalence of mycotoxins and their relation to nutrient composition of maize and grass silage

Venslovas

Merkevičiūtė-Venslovė

Mankevičienè

et al. 2021

Zemdirbyste-Agriculture

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In this study, samples of maize and grass silage were collected from various farms of Lithuania and were analysed for mycotoxins: aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ), deoxynivalenol (DON), T-2 toxin (T-2) and zearalenone (ZEA), over the 2017-2019 period. Silage nutrient composition, including content of dry matter, crude protein, crude fibre, starch (for maize), and acidity (pH) were investigated, and fermentation degree was computed. All samples contained at least one mycotoxin, 85% of samples were co-contaminated with all four mycotoxins tested, 13% of samples contained three and only 1.5% of samples contained two mycotoxins. In general, the concentrations of DON, ZEA and T-2 were respectively 5, 1.7 and 2 times higher in maize silage than in grass one. Maize silage had the highest levels of ZEA and AFB 1 , exceeding the European Union's (EU) maximum allowable limits. In grass silage, mycotoxin with the highest concentration exceeding the allowable limits was AFB 1 . Between the experimental years, statistically significant differences were found only in T-2 content in maize silage. Silage storage had an impact only on AFB 1 concentrations: its highest concentration (10.9 ± 1.1 μg kg -1 ) was found in trench silos, while in silage clamps and bales that ones were lower by 48% and 44%, respectively. DON negatively correlated with dry matter in grass silage. ZEA negatively correlated with crude protein content and pH in maize silage and with dry matter and crude fibre content and pH in grass silage, but positively correlated with fermentation degree in both silages. T-2 negatively correlated with crude protein content and positively correlated with crude fibre content in grass silage.

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Section: Correlationssupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Correlationssupporting

confidence: 56%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The prevalence of mycotoxins and their relation to nutrient composition of maize and grass silage

Venslovas

Merkevičiūtė-Venslovė

Mankevičienè

et al. 2021

Zemdirbyste-Agriculture

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“…According to Borreani et al (2018), excess moisture at ensilage time implies risks due to the action of undesirable microorganisms. The high water activity (Aw) at this moment favors the development of bacteria, especially those of the genus Clostridium and of bacteria that break down sugars, lactic acid, proteins, and amino acids into acetic and butyric acids, ammonia, and amines, which are substances that influence silage consumption (OLADOSU et al, 2016;JOVAIŠIENĖ et al, 2017).…”

Section: Continuationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality of leucaena, gliricidia, and pornunça silages with different old man saltbush levels

Voltolini

Belem

Araújo

et al. 2019

SCA

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This study aimed to evaluate the quality of leucaena, gliricidia, and pornunça silages with different levels of old man saltbush inclusion in their composition. A completely randomized design was used with five levels of old man saltbush (Atriplex nummularia) inclusion (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%) in leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala), gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium), and pornunça (Manihot sp.) silages, with 5 replications per treatment, totaling 75 experimental mini-silos maintained in a covered shed and free of opportunistic animals. Silos were opened after 100 days of ensilage, and the silage of the first 15 cm of their ends was discarded. The remaining material was homogenized and sampled for determining the bromatological composition, in vitro digestibility, and fermentation profile. Old man saltbush inclusion levels in leucaena silages promoted a negative linear effect for dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ethereal extract, pH, and ammoniacal nitrogen, while a positive linear effect was found for mineral matter, in vitro dry matter digestibility, total carbohydrates, non-fibrous carbohydrates, and propionic acid (P < 0.05). This silage also had a quadratic effect for lactic acid. Gliricidia silages showed a positive linear behavior for dry matter, mineral matter, and total carbohydrates, whereas organic matter, crude protein, and ethereal extract presented a negative linear behavior (P < 0.05). The contents of organic lactic, acetic, and propionic acids showed a quadratic effect for gliricidia silage as old man saltbush levels increased (P < 0.05). Regarding pornunça silage, dry matter, mineral matter, total carbohydrates, propionic acid, and butyric acid presented a linear increasing behavior, while organic matter, crude protein, ethereal extract, and non-fibrous carbohydrates presented a linear decreasing behavior (P < 0.05). Lactic acid and acetic acid concentrations for pornunça silage showed a quadratic behavior according to the increasing old man saltbush inclusion levels (P < 0.05). The highest contribution of old man saltbush in the silages promoted changes in the profile of organic acids, allowing an improvement in silage quality, favoring lactic fermentation rather than acetic fermentation. Butyric acid contents were low for all treatments and indicated the control of undesirable fermentation processes. These results indicate that old man saltbush inclusion in silage composition may contribute to bromatological composition and fermentation process of the studied silages.

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Occurrence of Mycotoxins in Conserved Grass and Legume Forages – A Systematic Review

Aranega

Oliveira

2024

Annals of Animal Science

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Conserved forages are important feed for livestock and equine all over the world. However, contamination with mycotoxins may occur, leading to health issues to the animals and to humans that consume products of animal origin. As information on the occurrence of mycotoxins in conserved grass and legume forages is scarce, a review of the literature published between January 1992 and July 2022 was performed to assess the worldwide occurrence and levels of mycotoxins in hay, haylage, and silage. Zearalenone (ZEN), deoxynivalenol (DON), and aflatoxins (AFs) were the most common mycotoxins found in conserved forage in North America, Africa, and the Middle East, with ZEN and AFs in levels above the maximum levels determined in European Union (EU) regulations for animal feed. Ochratoxin A (OTA) was detected in high levels in conserved forages in Europe. Although other mycotoxins were found, they were detected in lower frequencies and levels. Co-occurrence of mycotoxins was identified in more than half of the studies analyzed. There were few studies carried out in Asia, Middle East, Oceania, and not information was available on Central and South America, reinforcing the need of studies on the issue in these regions.

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Biogenic amines and mycotoxins concentrations in baled silage from organic and conventional farms

Cited by 4 publications

References 24 publications

The prevalence of mycotoxins and their relation to nutrient composition of maize and grass silage

The prevalence of mycotoxins and their relation to nutrient composition of maize and grass silage

Quality of leucaena, gliricidia, and pornunça silages with different old man saltbush levels

Occurrence of Mycotoxins in Conserved Grass and Legume Forages – A Systematic Review

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