Effects of essential oils of Rosmarinus officinalis Linn. and Origanum vulgare Linn. from different origins on Sporothrix brasiliensis and Sporothrix schenckii complex

Abstract

Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary) and Origanum vulgare L. (oregano) are known to have antimicrobial properties, but studies on sporotrichosis are scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-Sporothrix spp. activity of essential oils from commercial products and oils extracted from aerial parts of these plants and analyze their chemical constituents. S. schenckii complex and S. brasiliensis (n: 25) isolated from humans, cats, dogs, and environmental soil were tested through M27-A3 guidelines of CLSI with modification for phytotherapics. The essential oils of R. officinalis L. were similar for MIC50 and MFC50 ≤2.25mg/mL for extracted oil; and 4.5mg/mL and 9mg/mL, respectively, for commercial oil. Both products showed MIC90 of 18mg/mL and MFC90 of 36mg/mL. In O. vulgare L., the extracted oil had better activity with MIC50 and MFC50 ≤2.25mg/mL, and MIC90 and MFC90 of 4.5mg/mL, whereas the commercial oil showed MIC50 and MFC50 of 9mg/mL and MIC90 18mg/mL, respectively, and MFC90 of 36mg/mL. Through gas chromatography (CG/FID), thymol and α-terpinene were majority for extracted oil of O. vulgare L., and carvacrol and γ-terpinene made up the majority of the commercial oil. Both essential oils of R. officinalis L. showed 1,8-cineole and α-pinene as major. The fungal isolates were susceptible to all tested essential oils, including in itraconazole-resistant S. brasiliensis isolates. The extracted and commercial oils of the plants presented in vitro anti-Sporothrix spp. activity, and they are promising for treatment of sporotrichosis, including in cases refractory to itraconazole. More studies should be performed about toxicity and in vivo efficacy for its safe use.

Potencial in vitro de óleos essenciais de plantas da família Lamiaceae em ovos e larvas de Toxocara spp.

“…Na análise cromatográfica do óleo essencial de O. vulgare foram identificados 24 compostos, sendo os componentes majoritários o 4-Terpineno (20,9%), gama-Terpinene (14,16%), cis-Sabinenehydrate (10,45%), alpha-terpineno (8,63%) e thymol (8,42%), o que está de acordo com outros estudos (Santin et al, 2014). Assim como também já foram identificados carvacrol (73,9%) γ-terpineno (3,6%) e thymol (3%) como os compostos majoritários (Waller et al, 2016). No óleo essencial de O. majorana foram identificados 23 compostos através da análise cromatográfica, destacando-se 4-Terpineol (34,9%), gama-Terpinene (14,28%), alpha-Terpineno (9,60%), cis-Sabinenehydrate (6,81%) e alpha-Terpineol (5,86%), diferente de estudos anteriores onde foram evidenciados como majoritários o 1,8cineole (20,9%), seguido por 4-terpineol (20,4%) e γ-terpinene (8,5%) (Waller et al, 2016), assim como cis-sabineno hidratado (22,2%), o 4terpineol (14,1%) e o gama-terpineno (8,9%) (Silva et al, 2021).…”

“…Assim como também já foram identificados carvacrol (73,9%) γ-terpineno (3,6%) e thymol (3%) como os compostos majoritários (Waller et al, 2016). No óleo essencial de O. majorana foram identificados 23 compostos através da análise cromatográfica, destacando-se 4-Terpineol (34,9%), gama-Terpinene (14,28%), alpha-Terpineno (9,60%), cis-Sabinenehydrate (6,81%) e alpha-Terpineol (5,86%), diferente de estudos anteriores onde foram evidenciados como majoritários o 1,8cineole (20,9%), seguido por 4-terpineol (20,4%) e γ-terpinene (8,5%) (Waller et al, 2016), assim como cis-sabineno hidratado (22,2%), o 4terpineol (14,1%) e o gama-terpineno (8,9%) (Silva et al, 2021). No óleo essencial de Rosmarinus officinalis foram identificados 16 compostos, sendo o cineole (47,91), α-Pinene (11,52%), camfor (17,92%), isoborneol (5,43%) e alpha-Terpineol (4,08%) os majoritários, semelhante aos compostos identificados por outros autores (Waller et al, 2016).…”

Rosmarinus officinalis and Skin: Antioxidant Activity and Possible Therapeutical Role in Cutaneous Diseases

“…Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous fungal infection caused by fungi of the genus Sporothrix , increasingly affecting humans and cats [ 75 ]. Despite the limited experimental data on the effects of rosemary essential oil on the treatment of sporotrichosis, studies in the current literature confirm its antifungal activity against Sporothrix schenckii [ 76 ] and itraconazole-resistant Sporothrix brasiliensis [ 76 , 77 ]. The first attempt to assess the effectiveness of rosemary essential oil against cutaneous sporotrichosis in vivo was conducted by Waller et al Itraconazole-resistant Sporothrix brasiliensis was inoculated into 30 Wistar mice, which were randomly treated with itraconazole, rosemary oil or saline as the control population.…”

Terapêutica Da Esporotricose: Revisão

“…A boa atividade in vitro frente a espécies do complexo Sporothrix schenckii também foi avaliada em diferentes estudos (CLEFF et al, 2010b;WALLER et al, 2016a;WALLER et al, 2016b;WALLER et al, 2017a;WALLER et al, 2018). Atribui-se aos componentes fenólicos do óleo essencial do orégano seu efeito antimicrobiano, especialmente o carvacrol e o eugenol, os quais já foram testados, quanto a sua ação, em ratos com candidíase oral experimental induzida por Candida albicans, demonstrando resultados promissores (CHAMI et al, 2004).…”