Spleen evaluation using contrast enhanced ultrasonography and Doppler in dogs with subclinical ehrlichiosis

Maronezi, Marjury Cristina; Feliciano, Marcus Antônio Rossi; Crivellenti, Leandro Zuccolotto; Borin-Crivellenti, Sofia; Silva, P. E. S; Zampolo, C; Pavan, Letícia; Gasser, B; Simões, Ana Paula Rodrigues; Maciel, G. S.; Canola, J. C.; Vicente, W. R. R.

doi:10.1590/1678-4162-7941

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…Splenomegaly is a result of reactive lymphoid hyperplasia and concurrent extramedullary hematopoiesis [ 43 ]. In canine babesiosis and ehrlichiosis, the most common splenic ultrasonographic findings have been a diffuse heterogeneous hypoechoic pattern and generalized splenomegaly [ 44 , 45 ]. CEUS exams were performed in the spleens of dogs with subclinical ehrlichiosis, and a higher velocity of blood flow (lower wash-in time, peak enhancement time, and wash-out time) compared to data from healthy dogs examined in previous studies was seen [ 45 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In canine babesiosis and ehrlichiosis, the most common splenic ultrasonographic findings have been a diffuse heterogeneous hypoechoic pattern and generalized splenomegaly [ 44 , 45 ]. CEUS exams were performed in the spleens of dogs with subclinical ehrlichiosis, and a higher velocity of blood flow (lower wash-in time, peak enhancement time, and wash-out time) compared to data from healthy dogs examined in previous studies was seen [ 45 ]. In our study, molecular investigations of blood samples and splenic aspirates showed them to be negative for R. conorii , B. canis , E. canis , A. phagocytophilum , A. platys , and C. burnetii , so we can consider it unlikely that the ultrasound changes of the spleen could be traced to other VBP coinfections with L. infantum .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bidimensional and Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography of the Spleen in Dogs Affected by Leishmaniosis

Majo

Donato

Masucci

et al. 2021

Animals

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Canine leishmaniosis (CanL) is responsible for splenic pathological changes. The main features detectable from ultrasound examination are splenomegaly and diffuse alterations of the echostructure. The study aimed to highlight whether these ultrasound changes are related to the severity of the disease or to a modification of splenic microvascularization that can be detected in vivo through contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS). Twenty-five adult dogs tested for CanL were enrolled in this prospective, controlled study and staged according to LeishVet guidelines. Bidimensional ultrasonography revealed that splenomegaly was seen in 50% of the affected dogs, and diffuse parenchymal changes were seen in more than 60% of dogs with splenomegaly, showing a positive correlation with severity of the disease; therefore, splenomegaly could be of prognostic significance. CEUS showed that a persistent heterogeneous distribution pattern appeared only in spleens with diffuse echostructure alterations. The evaluation of quantitative CEUS parameters regarding the volume and velocity of flow in three regions of interest did not show differences between affected and control dogs. Diffuse spleen microvascular modifications evidenced by CEUS were reported for the first time in dogs with CanL. In endemic areas, CanL could be included in the differential diagnoses list when detecting splenic alterations in dogs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bidimensional and Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography of the Spleen in Dogs Affected by Leishmaniosis

Majo

Donato

Masucci

et al. 2021

Animals

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“…Thus, until more accurate studies are not released, elastography and CEUS can be used as effective complementary methods for the identification of CKD and differentiation of more advanced degrees of this disease. The use of these diagnostic techniques has been increasingly implemented in the study of different organs and pathologies both in humans (Goertz et al 2016, Schinkel et al 2016, Goertz et al 2019, Thaiss et al 2019) and animals (Holdsworth et al 2014, Maronezi et al 2015 and it is hoped that the results obtained in this research can serve as a tool for the implementation and execution of large-scale studies, allowing the use of these non-invasive methods in the diagnosis and staging of CKD canine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applicability of B-mode ultrasonography, ARFI elastography and contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the evaluation of chronic kidney disease in dogs

et al. 2021

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The objective of this study was to verify the applicability of B-mode ultrasonography, ARFI elastography and CEUS in the diagnosis of chronic kidney disease and its Stages in dogs. 24 healthy dogs and 28 with CKD were included. In B-mode, the echogenicity, echotexture and cortico-medullary ratio of the kidneys were verified. By elastography, the shear-wave velocity of the cortical (SWVcort) and medullary (SWVmed) regions were determined and tissue deformity was evaluated. Wash-in, wash-out and peak enhancement (TPic) of the contrast in the renal parenchyma were calculated and homogeneity, presence of filling gaps and distinction of filling phases were evaluated by CEUS. Changes in echogenicity, echotexture and cortico-medullary ratio were observed only in sick patients. There was an increase in SWVcort in CKD, with a cutoff point >2.91m/s. Healthy kidneys were non-deformable and 25% had changes in gray scales. There was an increase in wash-in and TPic, changes in filling characteristics, filling failures and difficulty in distinguishing between the Stages in CEUS in CKD. It was found that dogs with CKD 2, 3 and 4 had greater SWVcort and wash-in values than CKD 1. Elastographic and CEUS changes were observed in dogs with CKD, demonstrating the applicability of ultrasonographic techniques in their diagnosis.

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“…The spleen is considered the largest reticuloendothelial hematopoietic tissue in animals. It is an elongated and relatively flat organ located in the cranial left abdominal region and attached to the stomach via small blood vessels (Maronezi et al 2015;Jaji et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomical and Ultrasonographical Studies on the Spleen of Red Fox (Vulpes Vulpes) from Western Egyptian Desert

2022

Int J Vet Sci

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This study provides preliminary data about anatomical and ultrasonographical features of the spleen in clinically normal red fox, using the distinct orientation of the splenic artery. Six red foxes of both sexes with an average weight of 4-6kg and age range 2-3years were achieved from the Western Egyptian Desert. Trans-abdominal splenic ultrasonography was performed on all foxes with the dorsal recumbent position. The foxes were euthanized by an intravenous overdose of Thiopental sodium. Anatomical dissection was performed on two sacrificed animals while the other four animals were used to describe the arterial architectures (n=two foxes) and angiography (n=two foxes). The splenic parenchyma appeared slightly hyperechoic to isoechoic relative to the adjacent liver. It was hypoechoic to the surrounding fat. The spleen of the red fox had a falciform outline and was located in the left cranial abdominal cavity, beneath the last two ribs just cranial to the left kidney. The red fox's spleen was unique in its relation to the left crus of the diaphragm and the absence of renosplenic ligament. The splenic artery was the last branch of the celiac trunk and was subdivided into two main vessels, dorsal and ventral. These branches entered the spleen through two splenic hila at both extremities. Splenic arteriography revealed an internal link between these vessels but lacked an external connection.

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Spleen evaluation using contrast enhanced ultrasonography and Doppler in dogs with subclinical ehrlichiosis

Cited by 5 publications

References 13 publications

Bidimensional and Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography of the Spleen in Dogs Affected by Leishmaniosis

Bidimensional and Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography of the Spleen in Dogs Affected by Leishmaniosis

Applicability of B-mode ultrasonography, ARFI elastography and contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the evaluation of chronic kidney disease in dogs

Anatomical and Ultrasonographical Studies on the Spleen of Red Fox (Vulpes Vulpes) from Western Egyptian Desert

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