Molecular characterization of neuropathogenic Equine Herpesvirus 1 Brazilian isolates

Costa, Érica Azevedo; Rosa, Roberto; Oliveira, T.S.; Assis, Ana Carolina Dantas De; Santos, Renato L.

doi:10.1590/1678-4162-7427

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The amplicons were analyzed by 1% ( w/v ) agarose gel electrophoresis, stained with ethidium bromide, and visualized under UV light. Nested PCR were performed for equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) [ 33 ] for borna disease [ 34 , 35 ], both with negative results in the 3 horses.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

West Nile Virus in Brazil

et al. 2021

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Background: West Nile virus (WNV) was first sequenced in Brazil in 2019, when it was isolated from a horse in the Espírito Santo state. Despite multiple studies reporting serological evidence suggestive of past circulation since 2004, WNV remains a low priority for surveillance and public health, such that much is still unknown about its genomic diversity, evolution, and transmission in the country. Methods: A combination of diagnostic assays, nanopore sequencing, phylogenetic inference, and epidemiological modeling are here used to provide a holistic overview of what is known about WNV in Brazil. Results: We report new genetic evidence of WNV circulation in southern (Minas Gerais, São Paulo) and northeastern (Piauí) states isolated from equine red blood cells. A novel, climate-informed theoretical perspective of the potential transmission of WNV across the country highlights the state of Piauí as particularly relevant for WNV epidemiology in Brazil, although it does not reject possible circulation in other states. Conclusion: Our output demonstrates the scarceness of existing data, and that although there is sufficient evidence for the circulation and persistence of the virus, much is still unknown on its local evolution, epidemiology, and activity. We advocate for a shift to active surveillance, to ensure adequate preparedness for future epidemics with spill-over potential to humans.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

West Nile Virus in Brazil

et al. 2021

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“…Os levantamentos sorológicos de HVE, no Nordeste, foram realizados em Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, com equinos de vaquejada [14] e região metropolitana de Fortaleza, Ceará [2] com ocorrências de 19,3% (22/114) e 41,2% (28/68) de positivos respectivamente, enquanto outros estudos nacionais variaram de 0 a 87% [1,2,[7][8][9][10]14,15,20,[23][24][25]27,30,32,38]. O vírus já foi isolado no Brasil, em casos de doença neurológica [6], abortamentos e mortalidade perinatal [34]. Em relação ao VAVE, o único estudo no Nordeste foi em Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, sem evidências de equinos soropositivos [14], sendo que no Brasil a ocorrência varia entre 0 e 53% [1,3,4,[8][9][10][12][13][14][15][20][21][22][23]31].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Occurrence of Antibodies against Herpesvirus and Arteritis Virus in Equines from the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil

Rocha

Diniz

Jesus

et al. 2020

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: Equine Herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) and Equine Arteritis Virus (EAV) have a high capacity for dissemination, causing losses in horse breeding due to reproductive, respiratory and neurological problems. In the State of Rio Grande do Norte there is only one survey, in the municipality of Mossoró, about these diseases. The purpose of this study was therefore to determine the prevalence and assess the risk factors associated with EHV-1 and EAV infections in unvaccinated horses raised in the mesoregions of East and West Potiguar in the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.Materials, Methods & Results: Between August 2018 and February 2019, blood samples were collected from equines on farms located in sixteen municipalities in the mesoregions of East and West Potiguar for the serological diagnosis of EAV (809 samples from 90 farms) and of EHV (778 samples from 88 farms), being that, only municipalities that had at least five hundred equines were included in the study. An investigative epidemiological questionnaire was applied to each property visited, containing questions related to the breeder, property, animal and the sanitary, reproductive and nutritional management. A logistic regression was performed to assess the risk factors associated with EVH, considering the serological test (positive or negative) as the dependent variable. EAV and EVH antibodies were detected through the serum virus neutralization assay. No evidence was found of EAV [0% (0/809)], but EHV showed a prevalence rate of 32% (249/778), with 80.6% (71/88) of the farms having at least one animal that tested positive, and EHV was present in all the municipalities covered in this study. The risk factors identified were: animals raised in East Potiguar (OR = 1.36, CI 95%: 1.01-1.85, P = 0.041), extensive livestock farming system (OR = 1.79, CI 95%: 1.10-2.91, P = 0.041), working animals (OR = 3.63, IC 95%: 1.91-6.91, P = 0.000), unclean facilities (OR = 2.32, CI 95%: 1.27-4.33, P = 0.006), and non-disinfected facilities (OR = 1.83, CI 95%: 1.15-2.91, P = 0.009).Discussion: The absence of horses seropositive for EAV confirms the findings reported for 132 cattle herding horses in the municipality of Mossoró, State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, and by other national surveys that report zero or low occurrence rates. EAV is therefore considered an exotic disease that has not yet been diagnosed nor its etiological agent isolated in this country. EHV was found to be distributed in the two mesoregions, indicating a higher occurrence among working horses raised in the extensive livestock farming system on these farms, which were more physically fatigued and liable to be immunosuppressed, making them prone to infection, especially when left to graze in contact with other animals, although sports horses have also been found to be at high risk of becoming infected. The risk factor analysis also indicated the importance of hygiene and disinfection of livestock premises, where other biosafety measures such as quarantine and vaccination are likely not taken, and animals circulate unrestrictedly, facilitating the dissemination of the virus. Studies are therefore needed to shed light on the real situation of the presence of EAV throughout Brazil’s territory. On the other hand, EHV is widely disseminated throughout the state, and the risk factors for this disease not only underscore the importance of proper sanitary management for control of the disease but also serve as a warning to authorities and animal health professionals.

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