Microfilaremia by Cercopithifilaria bainae in a dog from the central western region of Brazil: case report

Tutija, Juliane Francielle; Soares, Rodrigo Leite; Echeverria, Jéssica Teles; Souza, Matheus Almeida; Silva, T.O.V.; Ramos, Rafael Antonio Nascimento; Lemos, Ricardo A.A.; Ramos, Carlos A. N.; Leal, Cássia Rejane Brito

doi:10.1590/1678-4162-11177

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 10 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…Recently, a case of microfilaremia by another filarid, Cercopithifilaria bainae (C. bainae), had also been reported in this city (TUTIJA et al, 2020). However, as with D. immitis and Acanthocheilonema reconditum (A. reconditum), the clinical and epidemiological importance of these filarides in the region is still unclear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First canine dirofilariosis report (Dirofilaria immitis) in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

Soares

Franco

Orti

et al. 2020

AVB

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Article history Dirofilariosis is an emerging zoonosis with a wide distribution worldwide. In Brazil, it is caused by the nematode, Dirofilaria immitis, and transmitted by different species of culicide mosquitoes. The present work aimed to report the first case of canine dirofilariasis in the municipality of Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul. On September 6, 2018, a 14-year-old female canine poodle with a history of traveling to the coastal region was seen at a private veterinary clinic in Campo Grande, with hypertension and eosinophilia. The animal was medicated with dipyrone and anlodipine for control of the hypertension and, after nine days, it returned with worsening of the clinical picture (êmese, melena, tacquicardia, tacquipnea). Complementary laboratory tests were requested, observing cardiac, hepatic, renal and pancreatic alterations, besides the presence of microfilaria, morphologically identified and confirmed as D. immitis by serological and molecular tests. The animal was hospitalized, but died on the fifth day after hospitalization. The fact that the animal has a report of a trip to the coastal region, without prophylactic treatment, characterizes the case as an allochthonous of dirofilariasis in the region.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First canine dirofilariosis report (Dirofilaria immitis) in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

Soares

Franco

Orti

et al. 2020

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Essential oils and isolated compounds for tick control: advances beyond the laboratory

Gonzaga,

Barrozo,

Coutinho

et al. 2023

Parasites Vectors

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Background Tick control is a worldwide challenge due to its resistance to acaricides. Essential oils (EOs) and isolated compounds (EOCs) are potential alternatives for tick control technologies. Methods A review with EOs and EOCs, under field and semi-field conditions, was performed based on Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed databases. Thirty-one studies published between 1991 and 2022 were selected. The search was performed using the following keywords: "essential oil" combined with "tick," "Ixodes," "Argas," "Rhipicephalus," "Amblyomma," "Hyalomma," "Dermacentor," "Haemaphysalis" and "Ornithodoros." The words "essential oil" and "tick" were searched in the singular and plural. Results The number of studies increased over the years. Brazil stands out with the largest number (51.6%) of publications. The most studied tick species were Rhipicephalus microplus (48.4%), Ixodes scapularis (19.4%), Amblyomma americanum and R. sanguineus sensu lato (9.7% each). Cattle (70%) and dogs (13%) were the main target animal species. Regarding the application of EOs/EOCs formulations, 74% of the studies were conducted with topical application (spray, pour-on, foam, drop) and 26% with environmental treatment (spray). Efficacy results are difficult to evaluate because of the lack of information on the methodology and standardization. The nanotechnology and combination with synthetic acaricides were reported as an alternative to enhance the efficacy of EOs/EOCs. No adverse reactions were observed in 86.6% of the studies evaluating EOs/EOCs clinical safety. Studies regarding toxicity in non-target species and residues are scarce. Conclusions This article provides a comprehensive review on the use of EOs and EOCs to reduce tick infestations, in both the hosts and the environment. As future directions, we recommend the chemical characterization of EOs, methodology standardization, combination of EOs/EOCs with potential synergists, nanotechnology for new formulations and safety studies for target and non-target organisms, also considering the environmental friendliness. Graphical abstract

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Cutaneous filarioid nematodes of dogs in the United States: Are they emerging, neglected, or underdiagnosed parasites?

Gruntmeir

Kelly²,

Ramos³

et al. 2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Filarioid nematodes, which are vector-borne parasites of cosmopolitan distribution, of dogs are medically important. They are represented by species in which microfilariae were found to be circulating in the bloodstream (e.g., Dirofilaria sp., Acanthocheilonema sp., and Brugia sp.) or skin-dwelling (e.g., Cercopithifilaria sp. and Onchocerca sp.). Those species whose microfilariae are detected in blood have been extensively studied, especially Dirofilaria immitis, due to their clinical importance. In recent decades, there has been an increased interest by the scientific community in filarioid nematodes whose microfilariae are detected in the skin because of the zoonotic aspect of Onchocerca lupi. In the United States (US), although D. immitis has been considered the main filarioid infecting dogs, the intense animal movement and global canine filarioid diversity may indicate that the likely presence of cutaneous filarioid nematodes is more common than previously expected. Hence, a question remains: Are these canine filarioid nematodes emerging, neglected, or simply underdiagnosed in the US? In this review, we provide an overview of pertinent information that briefly summarizes the biology of the different canine filarioid nematode species, clinical signs associated with infections, and currently available diagnostic tools using molecular and microscopy-based methods and highlight knowledge gaps where research and surveillance efforts remain necessary. The data herein presented serve as an alert to the scientific community about the importance of filarioid nematodes infecting dogs other than D. immitis. Additionally, the zoonotic potential of several filarioid species reinforces the necessity of a proper diagnosis and the need for broader surveillance to understand their diversity and distribution, to highlight the potential introduction of certain species, and mitigate their establishment in the country and new animal and human cases.

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Microfilaremia by Cercopithifilaria bainae in a dog from the central western region of Brazil: case report

Cited by 3 publications

References 10 publications

First canine dirofilariosis report (Dirofilaria immitis) in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

First canine dirofilariosis report (Dirofilaria immitis) in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

Essential oils and isolated compounds for tick control: advances beyond the laboratory

Cutaneous filarioid nematodes of dogs in the United States: Are they emerging, neglected, or underdiagnosed parasites?

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