Canine cavitary effusion: a retrospective study of 304 cases in Brazil

Abstract

The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of different categories of specific and general classification in canine cavitary effusions (CE), as well as their association with the underlying etiologies. The laboratorial and clinical data from 304 cases of canine CE were retrospectively assessed. In 32.9% (100 cases), at least one of the specific classification categories was established, with a subtotal predominance of neoplasia (42%), bacterial serositis (24%) and hemorrhage (16%). Neoplasia was confirmed by effusion cytology in 57.5% of the cases with histopathological confirmation. From the cases in which the specific classification was not obtained, 35.8% were classified as modified transudate, 30.4% as pure transudate, 21.1% % as exudate and 12.7% was not included in any general category. The most common causes of effusion among these cases were hypoproteinemia and/or hipoalbuminemia (HPHA) (25.8%), hepatopathy (22.5%), cardiac insufficiency (15.5%) and cytologically undetected cases of neoplasia (12.4%). In conclusion, HPHA, hepatopathy and neoplasia represents important etiologies for canine CE development. Classification of effusions, solely based on [TP] and TNCC, might be an inaccurate diagnostic tool of effusions. New laboratorial classification methods for canine CE should be researched. RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a frequência de diferentes categorias de classificação específica e geral em efusões cavitárias (EC) caninas, bem como sua associação com as etiologias subjacentes. Os dados laboratoriais e clínicos de 304 casos de EC canina foram avaliados retrospectivamente. Em 32,9% (100 casos), pelo menos uma das categorias específicas de classificação foi estabelecida, com predomínio subtotal de neoplasia (42%), serosite bacteriana (24%) e hemorragia (16%). A neoplasia foi confirmada pela citologia da efusão em 57,5% dos casos com confirmação histopatológica. Dos casos em que a classificação específica não foi obtida (204 casos), 35,8% foram classificados como transudato modificado, 30,4% como transudato puro, 21,1% como exsudato e 12,7% não foram incluídos em nenhuma categoria geral. As causas mais comuns de efusão nestes casos foram hipoproteinemia e/ou hipoalbuminemia (HPHA) (25,8%), hepatopatia (22,5%), insuficiência cardíaca (15,5%) e casos de neoplasia citologicamente não detectados (12,4%). Em conclusão, HPHA, hepatopatia e neoplasia representam importantes etiologias para o desenvolvimento da EC canina. A classificação geral de efusões, baseada exclusivamente em proteína e celularidade, pode ser uma ferramenta diagnóstica imprecisa. Novos métodos de classificação laboratorial para ECs caninas devem ser pesquisados. Palavras-chave: líquido cavitário, exsudato, peritoneal, pleural e transudato Recebido em 18 de abril de 2018 Aceito em 4 de junho de 2018

The predominance and diagnostic value of neutrophils in differentiating transudates and exudates in dogs

“…Data used in this study comprised a subset of a larger dataset obtained retrospectively from the medical records of dogs with pleural, peritoneal, and pericardial effusions presented to the veterinary hospital of the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais in Brazil between January 2012 and July 2016. 12 Additional records from August 2016 to July 2017 at the same institution were added to the dataset, following the same selection criteria used in the larger study. Only dogs with pleural or peritoneal effusion were included.…”

Comparison of effusion cell block and biopsy immunohistochemistry in mesothelial hyperplasia, mesothelioma, and carcinoma in dogs

“…2 The sensitivity in the present study was biased by the relative difficulty in diagnosing mesotheliomas by cytology alone and the overrepresentation of these tumors compared with the prevalence expected in clinical practice. In a series of 304 effusions, mesothelioma comprised only 0.7% of cases, 28 and in a large series of dogs submitted for necropsy, it comprised 0.2% of cases. 29 However, it was clear from the morphologic descriptions that there was considerable overlap between categories, especially mesothelial hyperplasia and mesothelioma, confirming the requirement for the use of immunologic techniques.…”

Hemangiosarcoma associated with Chemodectoma in an Old Pit Bull Bitch

“…Em estudo citológico de efusões cavitárias, as efusões neoplásicas foram consideradas como as mais prevalentes (42%), destacando-se o linfoma como a neoplasia de maior ocorrência [1]. Isso se dá porque o exame citológico é ferramenta bastante útil para a avaliação celular de fluidos corporais ou diagnóstico de neoplasias de células redondas, que são bastante esfoliativas [2].…”