Bycatch fauna of seabob shrimp trawl fisheries from Santa Catarina State, southern Brazil

Abstract

BRANCO, J.O., FREITAS JÚ NIOR, F., CHRISTOFFERSEN, M.L. Bycatch fauna of seabob shrimp trawl fisheries from Santa Catarina State, southern Brazil.http://dx.doi. org/10.1590/1676-06032015014314Abstract: Marine communities in tropical regions contain a great diversity of species that play key roles in ecological processes. The observed bycatch fauna in artisanal fishing for the seabob shrimp Xiphopenaeus kroyeri (Heller, 1862) in the southwest Atlantic exceeds the quantity of commercial shrimp captured. This bycatch has not been previously inventoried extensively in Brazil, particularly in the State of Santa Catarina, where small-scale shrimp fisheries is a traditional activity and dominates the local fishing economy. Six municipalities were sampled three times a month, from 1996 to 2011, yielding 216 species belonging to the bycatch (7 cnidarians, 22 mollusks, 42 crustaceans, 11 echinoderms, and 134 fishes). Bycatch management is a pressing aspect of shrimp fisheries. By inventorying the accidental bycatch, we provide a preliminary step towards defining intervention measures to reduce or make better use of this bycatch in seabob artisanal fisheries. Conservation of marine biodiversity is still inadequate in Brazil. We have attempted to identify additional threats to vulnerable and endangered species resulting from shrimp trawling. Keywords: bycatch fauna, marine diversity, southwest Atlantic, threatened species, Xiphopenaeus kroyeri. BRANCO, J.O., FREITAS JÚ NIOR, F., CHRISTOFFERSEN, M.L. Fauna acompanhante em pescas de arrastro do camarão sete-barbas em Santa Catarina, Brasil.http:// dx.doi.org/10.1590/1676-06032015014314Resumo: Comunidades marinhas em regiõ es tropicais contêm uma grande diversidade de espécies que desempenham papéis-chave em processos ecoló gicos. A fauna acompanhante em pescas artesanais do camarã o sete-barbas Xiphopenaeus kroyeri (Heller, 1862) no Atlâ ntico Sudoeste excede a quantidade de camarõ es comerciais desta espécie capturados. Esta fauna acompanhante nã o foi catalogada de forma detalhada no Brasil, particularmente no Estado de Santa Catarina, onde a pescaria em pequena escala é uma atividade tradicional que domina a economia pesqueira local. Seis municípios foram amostrados três vezes por mês, de 1996 a 2011, capturando 216 espécies pertencentes à fauna acompanhante (7 cnidá rios, 22 moluscos, 42 crustá ceos, 11 equinodermos e 134 peixes). O manejo da fauna acompanhante constitui um aspecto urgente nas pescarias de camarõ es. Ao listar a fauna acompanhante acidental, uma etapa preliminar é executada para a definic¸ã o de medidas de intervenc¸ã o, fazendo melhor uso desta fauna acompanhante na pesca artesanal de camarõ es. A conservac¸ã o da biodiversidade marinha ainda é inadequada no Brasil. Apresentamos uma tentativa de identificar ameac¸as adicionais às espécies vulnerá veis e em risco de extinc¸ã o como resultado das pescas de arrastro. Palavras-chave: fauna acompanhante, diversidade marinha, Atlântico Sudoeste, espécies ameac¸adas, Xiphopenaeus kroyeri.

DNA Barcoding for the Assessment of the Taxonomy and Conservation Status of the Fish Bycatch of the Northern Brazilian Shrimp Trawl Fishery

“…This further highlights the impact of trawling fisheries on the biodiversity of the Brazilian coast. Trawling is the most common shrimping method used in the region, which impacts most the fauna of sciaenids and haemulids, the families that make up a large part of the fish bycatch taken off the coast of Brazil (see Vianna and Almeida, 2005;Branco et al, 2015;Silva-Júnior et al, 2013Marceniuk et al, 2019). This pressure from shrimp trawling operations, combined with the overfishing of some of the commercially important species may lead to widespread ecological impacts and the decline of stocks.…”

Ecology of the spider crab Libinia ferreirae (Brachyura: Majoidea): ontogenetic shifts in habitat use

“…As adults, these crabs can host several epibionts (e.g., algae, sponges, and cnidarians), thereby expanding the distribution of these sessile organisms while gaining protection (camouflage) (Nogueira Jr. & Haddad, 2005;Hultgren & Stachowicz, 2011). L. ferreirae experiences heavy fishing pressure in both juvenile (=immature) stages, when it is captured inside its host medusae, and adult stages because it shares the same habitat as commercially targeted shrimp species (Schroeder et al, 2014;Branco et al, 2015). Fishing efforts on the Brazilian coast are directed toward the capture of numerous economically valuable shrimp species, especially X. kroyeri (D'Incao et al, 2002;Castilho et al, 2015), which has caused a rapid decline in shrimp stocks and the stocks of bycatch fauna and has led to significant losses of spawning biomass and biodiversity (Castilho et al, 2008a).…”

Hermit crabs associated to the shrimp bottom-trawl fishery along the Pacific coast of Costa Rica, Central America

“…Few studies assessing the fauna associated to bottom-trawl shrimp fisheries have considered its impacts on small and non-dominant species (< 0.1% of total catch) (Branco et al 2015;Villalobos-Rojas et al 2017). In fact, hermit crabs have been rarely identified when monitoring the bycatch present in shrimp bottom-trawl fisheries (Branco et al 2015;Gimenez-Hurtado et al 2016). Non-dominant species, however, can have important ecological functions in the community.…”