Range of factors in the reduction of hyperhydricity associated with in vitro shoots of Salvia santolinifolia Bioss

Abstract

Hyperhydricity is a serious physiological disorder and affects In vitro propagation of many plants and as well of Salvia santolinifolia. The donor material to initiate the in vitro culture was the callus taken from the in vitro shoots produced on Murashig and Skoogs (MS) medium at 4.0 mg/l BA. This callus formed numerous hyperhydric shoots on culturing upon the medium of the same composition. The aim was to systematically evaluate the effect of cytokinins (Benzyladnine (BA) and N6-(-2-isopentenyl) adenine (2iP), culture vessels magnitude, medium solidification, source of nitrogen and calcium chloride for the alleviation of hyperhydricity. In the tissue cultures of S. santolinifolia BA and 2iP induced severe hyperhydricity, when other factors i.e. culture vessels magnitude and a suitable concentration of agar, ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3), potassium nitrate (KNO3) & calcium chloride (CaCl2.2H2O) were not optimized. After 30 days’ culture, we observed 83.82% hyperhydric shoots at increased level (1.5 mg/l 2iP) and 81.59% at decreased levels (1.0 mg/l 2iP). On the other hand, hyperhydricity percentage at decreased (0.4%) and at increased (0.8%) levels of agar were 72.37% and 39.08%, respectively. MS medium modification with NH4NO3 (412 mg/l), KNO3 (475 mg/l) and CaCl2.2H2O (880 mg/l) was found the best medium to reduced hyperhydricity (23.6%).

Improving micropropagation of Moringa oleifera: The use of semi-solid medium for rooting and sucrose-free liquid medium combined with temporary ventilation for hardening

“…The use of the soft semi-solid medium solidified with 2 g/L agar yielded the lowest root injury, but the growth response in this medium was also the lowest likely due to the negative effect of hyperhydricity, as has been observed in the micropropagation of banana [26], Malus spp. and Arabidopsis thaliana [27], and Salvia santolinifolia [28], in which hyperhydric shoots formed were very small in size, showing distorted growth and a glassy, curled, wrinkled, waterlogged and translucent appearance. Similarly, all observed growth parameters, i.e., shoot length, root length, and root number, of moringa plantlets were lower in the solid medium than the semi-solid medium.…”

Effect of Varying Concentrations of Phytagel, Sorbitol and Mannitol on Hyperhydricity of in Vitro Regenerated Tobacco Shoots

“…It's important to note that hyperhydricity is not confined solely to shoots; certain callus types, appearing yellowish and hyperhydric, may also be deemed vitreous (Mohamed et al, 2023). Other factors contributing to HH include ethylene and cytokinins (Jan et al, 2021). Two water accumulation sites are proposed: one in the symplast due to deficient cellulose and lignin and another in the apoplast, the cell wall continuum and intercellular spaces (Kassemeyer et al, 2022).…”

Silver nanoparticles eliminate hyperhydricity in micropropagated Lavender

“…(Pence et al, 2020), increasing agar concentration in Salvia santolinifolia Boiss. culture media (Jan et al, 2021), and adding sodium chloride to Agave sisalana Perr. culture media (Nikam et al, 2019).…”