Use of phytase and citric acid supplementation on growth performance and nutrient digestibility of Cirrhinus mrigala fingerlings fed on canola meal based diet

Abstract

Fishmeal; being a limited and costly feed ingredient is continuously been substituted with locally available plant proteins. However, the occurrence of anti-nutritional factors in plant meal suppresses its potential to be fully replaced. Therefore, in this study we aimed to study the synergistic effects of dietary additives like citric acid and phytase enzyme supplementation on growth performance and nutrient digestibility of Cirrhinus mrigala fingerlings. Canola meal (CM) was used as a test ingredient to replace fishmeal (FM) as; 0%, 25%, 50% and 75%. These four diets were further supplemented by varying levels of phytase (0 and 750 FTU kg-1) and citric acid (0% and 2.5%) to formulate total sixteen test diets as T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15 and T16. Each treatment contained three replicates; applied to fish groups having 15 fingerlings each; following 3×3 factorial arrangement. 1% of chromic oxide was added as an inert marker. Maximum weight gain% (288%) and the lowest value of FCR (1.07) were recorded when fish was fed on diet T12 as compared to fish fed control diet (T1). Similarly, optimum nutrient digestibility values such as crude protein (77%), crude fat (84%) and gross energy (70%) were noted on same level. It was concluded that 50% canola meal can optimally replace fishmeal when supplemented with phytase and citric acid at the levels of 750 FTU kg-1 and 2.5%, respectively.

Synergistic Effects of Citric Acid and Phytase Supplemented Canola Meal Based Diet on Growth Performance and Nutrient Digestibility of Cyprinus Carpio Fingerlings

“…In current study, C. carpio showed maximum digestibility of gross energy, crude protein and crude fat along with maximum retention but less excretion of nutrients when fed on test diet T12. These results coincide with the findings of Arsalan et al (2021). Similar results of improved nutrient digestibility and less nutrients discharged through feces were also found by Afzal et al (2019).…”

“…The results of mean weight gain revealed that all formulated diets were nutritionally adequate. Studies of Arsalan et al (2021) and Ahmad et al (2021) with C. mrigala and L. rohita fingerlings, respectively revealed the similar results of improved growth performance when 50% FM was replaced with CM and cottonseed meal, respectively, and supplemented with 2.5% CA and 750 FTU kg -1 level of PHY. This replacement level of fish meal by plant meals along with CA and PHY supplementation proved beneficial in improving morphometric parameters of fish.…”

“…The molybdate reagent was used for oxidation, and the UV-VIS 2001 Spectrophotometer was set at 370 nm absorbance level. The values obtained from feces and feed analysis were used to conduct digestibility studies in term of apparent nutrient digestibility coefficients (ADC %) following the formula used by Arsalan et al (2021) ADC (%) = 100 -100 × % marker in diet × % nutrient in feces % marker in feces × % nutrient in diet Statistical Analysis: The results were statistically analyzed by using the CoStat Computer Package (Version 6.303, PMB 320, Monterey, CA, 93940 USA) and three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (Steel et al, 1996). Data was expressed as mean with standard deviations.…”

Role of microbial phytases in improving fish health

“…The positive effect of the combination of citric acid (CA) and phytase on the nutrients bioavailability and growth performance in terms of WG, SGR, survival rate (SR) and digestibility of CP, crude fat and GE's and in the FCR value has been observed in C . mrigala fingerlings 153–155 . Interaction between phytase and CA influenced the composition of the whole body with improved levels of crude protein, ash, P, and Ca and low total lipid content 52 .…”

“…161 The positive effect of the combination of citric acid (CA) and phytase on the nutrients bioavailability and growth performance in terms of WG, SGR, survival rate (SR) and digestibility of CP, crude fat and GE's and in the FCR value has been observed in C. mrigala fingerlings. [153][154][155] Interaction between phytase and CA influenced the composition of the whole body with improved levels of crude protein, ash, P, and Ca and low total lipid content. 52 The favourable influence of CA and phytase in boosting the growth of O. mykiss was studied by Singh et al 168 Increased activities of digestive enzymes such as amylases, lipases and proteases were recorded in L. rohita after addition of CA and phytase in its feed.…”